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Exo-polygalacturonase production from agro-waste by Penicillium fellutanum and insight into thermodynamic, kinetic, and fruit juice clarification

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Abstract

Polygalacturonase is a pectinolytic enzyme with potential applications in the food, chemical, textile, and paper industries. Herein, extracellular Exo-polygalacturonase (Exo-PG) was biosynthesized from Penicillium fellutanum by harnessing the potential of wheat bran as an agricultural substrate via solid-state fermentation (SSF). Optimization protocol revealed the maximum production of the enzyme at 40% moisture level, pH 4.0, temperature 40 °C, and fermentation duration of 96 h. The partially purified enzyme derivative exhibited its maximum biocatalytic activity at pH 4.0 and 40 °C. It retained appreciable stability over a wide temperature range of 30–70 °C and a pH range of 3.0–8.0. Values of Km and Vmax, i.e., Michaelis–Menten constants, were calculated to be 12.5 mg/mL and 22.22 μmol/mL/min, respectively. The activation energy for thermal denaturation was determined to be 128.8 kJ/mol. Exposure to a hydrophobic environment, i.e., urea, considerably suppressed the enzymatic activity. A significant increase in the clarity and viscosity reduction was achieved for all fruit juices after treatment with Exo-PG. Conclusively, the current findings may represent Exo-PG as a prospective and promising candidate for diverse bio-applications in the food and beverage industries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, for financial support under in-house research grant program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

    Faiza Amin, Tayyaba Arooj & Zill-i-Huma Nazli

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan

    Haq Nawaz Bhatti

  3. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China

    Muhammad Bilal

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  1. Faiza Amin
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Amin, F., Arooj, T., Nazli, ZiH. et al. Exo-polygalacturonase production from agro-waste by Penicillium fellutanum and insight into thermodynamic, kinetic, and fruit juice clarification. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 11141–11151 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01902-2

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