Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Improvement of biovanillin production with two-stage pH control strategy from lemongrass leaves hydrolysates using Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 in batch culture

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The biovanillin production was influenced by varying the culture pH via single control strategy conducted by separate experiments during the fermentation processes. Highest biovanillin production (124 mg/L) with 32% molar yield at culture pH 6.0 from the one-stage control method was observed. Specific growth rates (μ) of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium and biovanillin production decreased by decreasing the culture pH from 6.0 to 3.5, which indicated that lower culture pH was not adequately apposite for biovanillin production using Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a 2-L stirred tank bioreactor. The development of two-stage control strategies had improved the biovanillin production (131 mg/L) and cell concentration (13.0 g/L) by about 6 and 5%, respectively. Therefore, the most influential control strategy for higher biovanillin production was discovered not to control the culture pH of the fermentation during active growth phase of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium, while the production phase should be controlled at pH 6.0.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tilay A, Bule M, Annapure U (2010) Production of biovanillin by one-step biotransformation using fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. J Agric Food Chem 58(7):4401–4405. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf904141u

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zheng L, Zheng P, Sun Z, Bai Y, Wang J, Guo X (2007) Production of vanillin from waste residue of rice bran oil by Aspergillus niger and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Bioresour Technol 98(5):1115–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.03.028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zulkarnain A, Bahrin EK, Ramli N, Phang LY, Abd-Aziz S (2018) Alkaline hydrolysate of oil palm empty fruit bunch as potential substrate for biovanillin production via two-step bioconversion. Waste Biomass Valoriz 9(1):13–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gallage NJ, Møller BL (2015) Vanillin–bioconversion and bioengineering of the most popular plant flavor and its de novo biosynthesis in the vanilla orchid. Mol Plant 8(1):40–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Gallage NJ, Jorgensen K, Janfelt C, Nielsen AJZ, Naake T, Dunski E, Dalsten L, Grisoni M, Moller BL (2018) The intracellular localization of the vanillin biosynthetic machinery in pods of Vanilla planifolia. Plant Cell Physiol 59(2):304–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcx185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hua D, Ma C, Song L, Lin S, Zhang Z, Deng Z, Xu P (2007) Enhanced vanillin production from ferulic acid using adsorbent resin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74(4):783–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0735-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Galadima AI, Salleh MM, Hussin H, Chong CS, Yahya A, Mohamad SE, Abd-Aziz S, Yusof NNM, Naser MA, Al-Junid AFM (2019) Biovanillin: production concepts and prevention of side product formation. Biomass Convers Biorefinery:1–21

  8. Patil PD, Yadav GD (2018) Comparative studies of white-rot fungal strains (Trametes hirsuta MTCC-1171 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium NCIM-1106) for effective degradation and bioconversion of ferulic acid. ACS Omega 3(11):14858–14868

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gallage NJ, Hansen EH, Kannangara R, Olsen CE, Motawia MS, Jorgensen K, Holme I, Hebelstrup K, Grisoni M, Moller BL (2014) Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is catalysed by a single enzyme. Nat Commun 5:4037. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen P, Yan L, Wu Z, Li S, Bai Z, Yan X, Wang N, Liang N, Li H (2016) A microbial transformation using Bacillus subtilis B7-S to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid. Sci Rep 6:20400. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaur B, Chakraborty D (2013) Biotechnological and molecular approaches for vanillin production: a review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 169(4):1353–1372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Galadima AI, Salleh MM, Hussin H, Safri NM, Noor RM, Chong CS, Yahya A, Mohamad SE, Abd-Aziz S, Yusof NNM (2019) One-step conversion of lemongrass leaves hydrolysate to biovanillin by Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 in batch culture. Waste Biomass Valoriz:1–14

  13. Song P, Chen C, Tian Q, Lin M, Huang H, Li S (2013) Two-stage oxygen supply strategy for enhanced lipase production by Bacillus subtilis based on metabolic flux analysis. Biochem Eng J 71:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Rosfarizan M, Arbakariya A, Hassan MA, Karim MIA, Hiroshi S, Suteaki S (2002) Importance of carbon source feeding and pH control strategies for maximum kojic acid production from sago starch by Aspergillus flavus. J Biosci Bioeng 94(2):99–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tang YJ, Zhang W, Zhong JJ (2009) Performance analyses of a pH-shift and DOT-shift integrated fed-batch fermentation process for the production of ganoderic acid and Ganoderma polysaccharides by medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Bioresour Technol 100(5):1852–1859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rosfarizan M, Ariff A (2006) Kinetics of kojic acid fermentation by Aspergillus flavus link S44-1 using sucrose as a carbon source under different pH conditions. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 11(1):72–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Salleh MM, Tsuey LS, Ariff AB (2008) The profile of enzymes relevant to solvent production during direct fermentation of sago starch by Clostridium saccharobutylicum P262 utilizing different pH control strategies. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 13(1):33–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-007-0153-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Madihah M, Suraini A-A (2017) Application of pH control strategies for biobutanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii SR1 using hydrolysate of pretreated lemongrass leaves. Korean Society for Biotechnology and Biotechnology Conference, 41

  19. Kang H-S, Kim M-H, Aramanadka SB, Kang H-Y, Lee K-Q (2017) Suppression of tension variations in hydro-pneumatic riser tensioner by using force compensation control. Ocean Syst Eng 7(3):225–246

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hussin H, Salleh MM, Siong CC, Naser MA, Abd-Aziz S, Al-Junid AFM (2015) Optimization of biovanillin production of lemongrass leaves hydrolysates through Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Jurnal Teknologi 77:55–61. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Miller G (1959) Use of DNS reagent for the measurement of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 31(1):426–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ang SK (2015) Cellulases and xylanase production by ‘Aspergillus fumigatus’ SK1 through solid state fermentation for ethanol fermentation. Dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2015

  23. Korpi A, Pasanen A-L, Pasanen P, Kalliokoski P (1997) Microbial growth and metabolism in house dust. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 40(1):19–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Yan L, Chen P, Zhang S, Li S, Yan X, Wang N, Liang N, Li H (2016) Biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin in the packed bed-stirred fermentors. Sci Rep 6:34644. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Costa CC, Vaz MRF, Da Costa JG, Santos ES, Macedo GR (2011) Selection, isolation and growth kinetic study of a bacterial consortium obtained from the Potengi mangrove in the presence of crude oil. Braz J Pet Gas 5(4):217–225. https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2011-0021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Stentelaire C, Lesage-Meessen L, Oddou J, Bernard O, Bastin G, Ceccaldi BC, Asther M (2000) Design of a fungal bioprocess for vanillin production from vanillic acid at scalable level by Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. J Biosci Bioeng 89(3):223–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Vieira FR, Luna CMR, Arce GL, Ávila I (2020) Optimization of slow pyrolysis process parameters using a fixed bed reactor for biochar yield from rice husk. Biomass Bioenergy 132:105412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Rai R, Basotra N, Kaur B, Di Falco M, Tsang A, Chadha B (2020) Exoproteome profile reveals thermophilic fungus Crassicarpon thermophilum (strain 6GKB; syn. Corynascus thermophilus) as a rich source of cellobiose dehydrogenase for enhanced saccharification of bagasse. Biomass Bioenergy 132:105438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Karode B, Patil U, Jobanputra A (2013) Biotransformation of low cost lignocellulosic substrates into vanillin by white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium NCIM 1197

  30. Xiao Y, Zhang X, Zhu M, Tan W (2013) Effect of the culture media optimization, pH and temperature on the biohydrogen production and the hydrogenase activities by Klebsiella pneumoniae ECU-15. Bioresour Technol 137:9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lopez-Malo A, Alzamora S, Argaiz A (1997) Effect of vanillin concentration, pH and incubation temperature on Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus parasiticus growth. Food Microbiol 14(2):117–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Varman AM, He L, Follenfant R, Wu W, Wemmer S, Wrobel SA, Tang YJ, Singh S (2016) Decoding how a soil bacterium extracts building blocks and metabolic energy from ligninolysis provides road map for lignin valorization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(40):E5802–E5811. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606043113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Egli T, Quayle J (1986) Influence of the carbon: nitrogen ratio of the growth medium on the cellular composition and the ability of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha to utilize mixed carbon sources. Microbiology 132(7):1779–1788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Aiman S, Stubington J (1993) The pyrolysis kinetics of bagasse at low heating rates. Biomass Bioenergy 5(2):113–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Daw Z, ElBaroty G, Ebtesam A (1994) Inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production by some essential oils. Chemie, Mikrobiologie, Technologie der Lebensmittel (Germany)

  36. Rosfarizan M, Ariff AB, Hassan MA, Karim MIA (2000) Influence of pH on kojic acid fermentation by Aspergillus flavus. Pak J Biol Sci 3(6):977–982. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2000.977.982

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors also thanked Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for providing enabling environment for making this research a successful one. The first author also expresses his appreciations to the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) Nigeria for the financial intervention during his PhD studies.

Funding

This work was supported by the Sc-Fund Research grant (R.J130000.7945.4s128), titled “Ecofriendly Biovanillin Production using one-step conversion of ferulic acid from lemongrass waste by Phanerochaete chrysosporium” under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Ahmed Ibrahim Galadima, Madihah Md Salleh, Huszalina Hussin, Chong Chun Shiong, Adibah Yahaya & Shaza Eva Mohamad

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe, Gombe State, P.M.B. 0182, Nigeria

    Ahmed Ibrahim Galadima

  3. ENVIBIO Research Group, Sustainability Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Madihah Md Salleh, Huszalina Hussin, Chong Chun Shiong, Adibah Yahaya & Shaza Eva Mohamad

  4. Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Suraini Abdu Aziz

  5. Section of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Kuala Lumpur (MICET), Lot 1988 Taboh Naning, Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, 78000, Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia

    Nor Nadiah Mohamad Yusof

  6. Institute of Biological Science, Faculty Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Amir Feisal Merican Al-Junid

Authors
  1. Ahmed Ibrahim Galadima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Madihah Md Salleh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Huszalina Hussin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chong Chun Shiong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Adibah Yahaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Shaza Eva Mohamad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Suraini Abdu Aziz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Nor Nadiah Mohamad Yusof
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Amir Feisal Merican Al-Junid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Madihah Md Salleh.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Galadima, A.I., Salleh, M.M., Hussin, H. et al. Improvement of biovanillin production with two-stage pH control strategy from lemongrass leaves hydrolysates using Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 in batch culture. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 2727–2736 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00980-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00980-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation