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ZnFe2O4/SiO2 Nanocomposites Prepared via the Natural Surfactant Morus alba L. as an Excellent Candidate for Drug Delivery Agent

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Abstract

We have successfully synthesized ZnFe2O4/SiO2—Morus alba L. nanoparticles as a drug delivery agent. The nanostructural and optical properties of ZnFe2O4/SiO2—Morus alba L. were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Antibacterial and drug delivery tests were conducted to examine the antibacterial activity and drug delivery performance of the nanoparticles, respectively. The peaks in the XRD patterns indicated the existence of ZnFe2O4 and SiO2 phases at 2θ = 35.4° and 22°–28°, respectively, in the sample. Meanwhile, the FTIR spectrum showed the functional group of ZnFe2O4—Morus alba L. at wavenumbers of 400–600 cm−1 and Si–O–Si at 1086 and 950 cm−1. The Si–O–Fe peak was also detected at 541–575 cm−1. The calculated bandgap energy was in the range of 3.003–3.218 eV. The TEM and SEM images revealed that the particle size varied in the range of 28.7–47.3 nm and confirmed the formation of a composite. The samples exhibited excellent antibacterial activity and inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli by up to 72% and 78%, respectively. The samples also possessed a desirable doxorubicin (DOX) loading, indicated by the appearance of DOX absorption peaks at wavelengths of 200–250 nm and 450–550 nm. Herein, the increase in SiO2 composition can speed up the DOX release process. Thus, the synthesized samples in this work meet the riteria for drug delivery application.

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Funding

This work was partially supported by Universitas Negeri Malang (PTM Research Scheme) with contract number 5.3.429/UN32.14.1/LT/2021 for AT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia

    Anindya Bella Monica, S. T. Ulfawanti Intan Subadra, Ahmad Taufiq,  Sunaryono, Hari Wisodo & Nandang Mufti

  2. Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

    Tahta Amrillah

  3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

    Darminto

  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Muhammad Safwan Abd Aziz

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  1. Anindya Bella Monica
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  2. S. T. Ulfawanti Intan Subadra
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Monica, A.B., Subadra, S.T.U.I., Amrillah, T. et al. ZnFe2O4/SiO2 Nanocomposites Prepared via the Natural Surfactant Morus alba L. as an Excellent Candidate for Drug Delivery Agent. Arab J Sci Eng 49, 733–752 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08489-y

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