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Multi-response Optimization of Fiber-Reinforced-Shaped Synthetic Aggregate Concrete

  • Research Article-Civil Engineering
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Abstract

This research aims to develop a sustainable approach for selecting fiber-reinforced synthetic aggregate concrete (FRSAC) through experiments employing the Taguchi method and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. This study examined the fresh and mechanical behavior, as well as considering the environmental, and economic characteristics of FRSAC theoretically to determine the most environmentally friendly concrete, which may be suitable for various types of applications in concrete. The Taguchi optimization technique considered four functional parameters: binder content, water-to-cement ratio, fiber dosage, and synthetic aggregate replacement in three levels. Synthetic aggregates were manufactured from industrial byproducts in various geometries that may have enhanced aggregate mechanical properties compared to natural aggregates. Using multi-criteria decision-making technique, namely Technique of Ordering Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a robust framework was developed and analyzed for FRSAC based on four performance factors including fresh (workability), mechanical (compressive and split tensile strength), and durability (water absorption) properties. Mechanical behavior of FRSAC has been assigned higher weightage in the first case, and the combination of fresh and durability behavior of the FRSAC in second case. In this study, a TOPSIS analysis was conducted in two instances using varying weights to optimize the proportions of fiber-reinforced synthetic aggregates in concrete. The optimal mix (OM1) has resulted in a maximum compressive strength of 55.12 MPa and split tensile strength of 5.50 MPa. Similarly, the optimal mix (OM2) resulted in higher workability of 90 mm and lower water absorption of 3.92%. The anticipated results of the optimal blends were experimentally confirmed. The obtained experimental results have been supported by microstructure analysis of the control and optimal mixes (scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction).

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Abbreviations

OPC:

Ordinary Portland cement

GGBFS:

Ground granulated blast furnace slag

MK:

Metakaolin

LP:

Lime powder

SCM:

Supplementary cementitious materials

SP:

Superplasticizer

PPF:

Polypropylene fibers

W/C:

Water-to-cement ratio

SSD:

Saturated surface dry

CM:

Control mixture

OM:

Optimized mixture

MCDM:

Multi-criteria decision-making

TOPSIS:

Technique of Ordering Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution

OA:

Orthogonal array

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

S/N ratio:

Signal-to-noise ratio

NAC:

Natural aggregate concrete

SAC:

Synthetic aggregate concrete

FRSAC:

Fiber-reinforced synthetic aggregate concrete

NA:

Natural aggregates

SA:

Synthetic aggregates

C–S–H:

Calcium silicate hydrate

C–A–H:

Calcium aluminate hydrate

CH:

Calcium hydroxide

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

RMR:

Raw material ratio

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, for their continuous support in conducting experiments and providing laboratory facilities and material characterization instrumental facilities used in this investigation.

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  1. Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India

    R. Vignesh & A. Abdul Rahim

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Correspondence to A. Abdul Rahim.

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Vignesh, R., Rahim, A.A. Multi-response Optimization of Fiber-Reinforced-Shaped Synthetic Aggregate Concrete. Arab J Sci Eng 49, 5027–5054 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08305-7

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