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Development of Nickel-Impregnated Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon for Micro-solid-phase Extraction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons from Wastewater

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Abstract

This work presents the synthesis and modification of cost-effective groundnut shell-based carbon sorbent and its utilization to extract chlorinated hydrocarbons from wastewater. The synthesized carbon sorbent was doped with nitrogen by treatment with melamine and further decorated with different weight percent of nickel by solid-state impregnation to achieve nickel-decorated nitrogen-doped carbon sorbents. The physicochemical properties of the sorbents were studied using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscope. Each sorbent was then sealed into a polypropylene membrane like a tea bag and utilized to extract the chlorinated hydrocarbons from an aqueous sample and quantified using GC–MS. All the extraction-related parameters were optimized. The overall process presented a wide linear range (10–800 ng mL−1) with a coefficient of correlation between 0.9875 and 0.9943. The limit of detection (1.85–3.45 ng mL−1) and reproducibility (1.2–11%) were observed with relative recovery from the wastewater sample in the range of 85.4 to 114%.

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Funding

The authors acknowledged the support provided by King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) for funding this work through project No. DSR SL191003.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Shehzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani

  2. Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Abdulkadir Tanimu, Khalid Alhooshani & Saheed A. Ganiyu

  3. Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Alhassan Ibrahim, Khalid Alhooshani & Saheed A. Ganiyu

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  1. Shehzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani
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  2. Abdulkadir Tanimu
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  4. Khalid Alhooshani
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Correspondence to Saheed A. Ganiyu.

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Jillani, S.M.S., Tanimu, A., Ibrahim, A. et al. Development of Nickel-Impregnated Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon for Micro-solid-phase Extraction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons from Wastewater. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 7603–7612 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-07625-y

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