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Modelling and Performance Analysis of an Electric Vehicle Powered by a PEM Fuel Cell on New European Driving Cycle (NEDC)

  • Research Article-Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract

Modelling of a complete polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) power systems and performance of the models when subjected to common driving cycle are important research issues. In this study a complete PEMFC system, including air and hydrogen supply equipment, fuel cell stack, electrical system and a 75 kW car, is modelled. An efficiency map of a brand new electric motor is directly imported into the model for it. MATLAB & Simulink tools, based on this mathematical model of PEMFC, are used to establish a dynamic model for a vehicle which is electrically supplied by the fuel cell according to cruise characteristics of New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Model results show significant instabilities during transient operation regarding the late response of the air supply system. Obtained stack characteristics are similar to those obtained in similar studies conducted previously. Performance results of the car based on energy consumption shows perfect agreement with the results of another model developed for an electric vehicle of the same weight and run also on NEDC.

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Abbreviations

\(\tau_{cp}\) :

Compressor working torque (Nm)

\({\text{C}}_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Specific heat capacity (J/kgK)

\(\tau_{cm}\) :

Compressor torque for oxygen excess working (Nm)

\(T_{{\rm atm}}\) :

Ambient temperature (K)

\(P_{{\rm sm}}\) :

Supply manifold pressure (Pa)

\(P_{{\rm atm}}\) :

Atmospheric pressure (Pa)

\(\omega_{cp}\) :

Compressor speed (rad/s)

\(\eta_{cp}\) :

Compressor efficiency

\(\eta_{cm}\) :

Compressor motor efficiency

\(\dot{m}_{cp}\) :

Compressor airflow (kg/s)

\(\nu_{cm}\) :

Compressor motor voltage (V)

\(\rho_{{\rm a}}\) :

Density of air (kg/m3)

\(V_{{\rm sm}}\) :

Supply manifold volume (m3)

\(R_{{\rm a}}\) :

Gas constant of air (J/kgK)

\(\phi_{{\rm cl}}\) :

Relative humidity of fluid passing through the coolant

\(P_{{\rm sm}}\) :

Supply manifold pressure (Pa)

\(P_{{\rm v,cl}}\) :

Partial vapor pressure of the fluid in the coolant (Pa)

\(P_{{\rm a,cl}}\) :

Partial pressure of dry air in the coolant (Pa)

\(\dot{m}_{v,inj}\) :

Water injected into the fluid (kg/s)

\(M_{v}\) :

Mole mass of water vapor (kg/mol)

\(M_{{\rm a}}\) :

Mole mass of dry air (kg/mol)

\(M_{a,ca,in}\) :

Molar mass of the air entering the cathode (kg/mol)

\(y_{{o_{2} ,ca,in}}\) :

Percentage of oxygen in the air

\(i\) :

Current density (A/cm2)

\(M_{m,dry}\) :

Mole mass of dry air (kg/mol)

\(M_{{O_{2} }}\) :

Mole mass of oxygen (kg/mol)

\(M_{{N_{2} }}\) :

Mole mass of nitrogen (kg/mol)

\(M_{{H_{2} }}\) :

Mole mass of hydrogen (kg/mol)

\(\chi_{{O_{2} ,ca,in}}\) :

Mass fraction of the oxygen entering the cathode

\(n\) :

Cell number of the stack

\(I_{st}\) :

Fuel cell current (A)

\(F\) :

Faraday constant (coulomb/mol)

\(P_{{\rm sat}}\) :

Saturation pressure (Pa)

\(N_{{v,{\text{osmotic}}}}\) :

Electro-osmotic drift of water molecules (mol/s cm2)

\(n_{d}\) :

Electro-osmotic drag coefficient

\(A_{fc}\) :

Fuel cell active area (cm2)

\(N_{v,diff}\) :

Back diffusion of water molecules (mol/s cm2)

\(t_{m}\) :

Membrane thickness (cm)

\(D_{w}\) :

Water diffusion coefficient (cm2/s)

\(E\) :

Open circuit voltage (V)

\(E_{0}\) :

Ideal cell voltage (V)

\(I_{L}\) :

Inductor current (A)

\(V_{c}\) :

Capacitor voltage (V)

\(V_{{{\text{vehicle}}}}\) :

Vehicle speed (m/s)

\(F_{\omega }\) :

Aerodynamic resistance force (N)

\(F_{r}\) :

Rolling resistance force (N)

\(F_{g}\) :

Grade resistance force (N

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Görükle Campus, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey

    Fırat Işıklı & Ali Sürmen

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Bursa Technical University, 16310, Bursa, Turkey

    Ayetül Gelen

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  1. Fırat Işıklı
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  2. Ali Sürmen
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  3. Ayetül Gelen
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Correspondence to Fırat Işıklı.

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Işıklı, F., Sürmen, A. & Gelen, A. Modelling and Performance Analysis of an Electric Vehicle Powered by a PEM Fuel Cell on New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Arab J Sci Eng 46, 7597–7609 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05469-y

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