Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Statistical Analysis of Deformation Laws of Deep Foundation Pits in Collapsible Loess

  • Research Article - Civil Engineering
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To define the deformation of time and space during the construction of a long and deep foundation pit in collapsible loess, the field-measured data of 10 open excavation stations in Xi’an metro are analyzed statistically. The results indicate that the vertical deformation of the ground and the lateral deformation of the soldier pile caused by the excavation of a long and deep foundation pit in collapsible loess increase with time. The maximum surface subsidence decreases with the increase in stiffness (K) of the foundation pit support system, increases linearly with the excavation depth (Hw), and decreases with the increase in the aspect ratio of the foundation pit. The lateral maximum deformation value of the soldier pile decreases linearly with the increase in insertion ratio and decreases with the increase in K of the support system. The surface subsidence of the foundation pit is characterized by a “groove shape”, and the deformation of the soldier pile is characterized as the “medium convex”. These results can provide a reference for the design and construction of similar projects in loess areas, and can predict and evaluate the deformation size and safety of similar projects, which is of great significance for further understanding the deformation mechanism of deep foundation pits in loess areas, thus perfecting the design theory and preventing foundation pit accidents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mei, Y.; Hu, C.M.; Yuan, Y.L.; Wang, X.Y.; Zhao, N.: Experimental study on deformation and strength property of compacted loess. Geomech. Eng. 11(1), 161–175 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Li, Y.R.; He, S.D.; Deng, X.H.; Xu, Y.X.: Characterization of macropore structure of Malan loess in NW China based on 3D pipe models constructed by using computed tomography technology. J. Asian Earth Sci. 154, 271–279 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Haeri, S.M.; Garakani, A.A.: Hardening behavior of a hydro collapsible loessial soil. J. Jpn. Geotech. Soc. Spec. Publ. 2(4), 253–257 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hu, C.M.; Wang, X.Y.; Mei, Y.; Yuan, Y.L.; Zhang, S.S.: Compaction techniques and construction parameters of loess as filling material. Geomech. Eng. 15(6), 1143–1151 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Arya, A.L.; Samson, N.; Ian, S.: Loess as a collapsible soil: some basic particle packing aspects. J. Quat. Int. 469, 20–29 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ou, C.Y.; Hsieh, P.G.; Chiou, D.C.: Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation. Can. Geotech. J. 30(5), 758–767 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Leung, E.H.Y.; Ng, C.W.W.: Wall and ground movements associated with deep excavations supported by cast in situ wall in mixed ground conditions. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 133(2), 129–143 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Xu, Z.H.; Wang, J.H.; Wang, W.D.: Deformation behavior of diaphragm walls in deep excavations in Shanghai. China Civ. Eng. J. 41(8), 81–86 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Wang, W.D.; Xu, Z.H.; Wang, J.H.: Statistical analysis of characteristics of ground surface settlement caused by deep excavations in shanghai soft soils. Chin. J. Geotech. Eng. 33(11), 1659–1666 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Li, S.; Zhang, D.L.; Fang, Q.; Li, Z.J.: Research on characteristics of retaining wall deformation due to deep excavation in Beijing. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 31(11), 2344–2353 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Liu, M.L.; Zhang, D.L.; Fang, Q.; Hou, Y.: Wall and ground movements due to deep excavation of Tianjin subway station. In: DEStech International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure and Materials (2017)

  12. Xie, W.; Lu, K.L.; Zhu, D.Y.: Partition excavation of a subway deep foundation pit: monitoring and numerical simulation. J. Yangtze River Sci. Res. Inst. 34(12), 106–110 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Li, J.W.; Li, X.; Xiong, M.X.; Luo, H.F.: Deformation monitoring and numerical simulation of retaining structure in subway station deep foundation pit. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 21(6), 2331–2340 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Xu, G.L.; Zhang, J.W.; Liu, H.; Ren, C.Q.: Shanghai center project excavation induced ground surface movements and deformations. J. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng. 12(1), 26–43 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hong, Y.; Ng, C.W.W.; Liu, G.B.; Liu, T.: Three-dimensional deformation behaviour of a multi-propped excavation at a “greenfield” site at Shanghai soft clay. J. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. Inc. Trenchless Technol. Res. 45, 249–259 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Fan, Y.; Lei, L.: Subway station deep foundation pit deformation research law based on FLAC (3D). In: Geomatics and Spatial Information Technology (2018)

  17. Yu, Y.; Yang, S.S.; Liu, G.Y.; Wang, Y.P.; Cui, L.W.; Tong, X.J.: 3D numerical simulation analysis on the deformation of deep foundation excavation of subway station in Taiyuan. Constr. Technol. 45(07), 74–77 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Zhou, G.N.: Time-space effect analysis and control of deep foundation excavation in soft soil. Chin. J. Undergr. Space Eng. 10(S1), 1653–1658 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wu, Y.Q.; Zhu, Y.P.: Monitoring and numerical simulation of deformation law of deep foundation pit of subway station in Lanzhou collapsible loess. Chin. J. Geotech. Eng. 36(S2), 404–411 (2014)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Wan, Z.H.; Liu, H.Y.; Bu, Y.J.: Analysis of deformation monitoring and numerical simulation on retaining structure of deep foundation excavation. Constr. Technol. 44(07), 83–86 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wang, Z.; Wang, C.: Analysis of deep foundation pit construction monitoring in a metro station in Jinan city. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 37, 249–259 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Tang, S.L.; Chen, M.J.; Niu, W.X.; Wu, G.S.: Study on deformation law of long narrow deep soft soil foundation excavation. Constr. Technol. 47(17), 89–94 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cheng, F.; Zhang, Y.X.; Wan, Y.X.: Deformation characteristics of deep foundation pits of subway stations in South Jiangsu Province soft soil. Chin. J. Undergr. Space Eng. 9(02), 387–391 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Mei, Y.; Hu, C.M.; Wang, X.Y.; Yuan, Y.L.; Zhao, N.: Research on characteristic deformation of ground surface and retaining pile induced by deep foundation pit excavation of subway station in collapsible loess of Xi’an area. China Railw. Sci. 37(01), 9–16 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Seo, M.W.; Olson, S.M.: Sequential analysis of ground movements at three deep excavation sites with mixed ground profiles. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 136(5), 656–668 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Clough, G.W.; O’Rourke, T.D.: Construction induced movements of in situ walls. In: ASCE Conference on Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures Special Publication No. 25, ASCE, New York, pp. 439–470 (1990)

  27. Wong, I.H.L.; Poh, T.Y.; Chuah, H.: Performance of excavations for depressed expressway in Singapore. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 123(7), 617–625 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hashash, Y.M.A.; Osouli, A.; Marulanda, C.M.: Central artery tunnel project excavation induced ground deformations. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 134(2), 1399–1406 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Moormann, C.: Analysis of wall and ground movements due to deep excavations in soft soil based on a new worldwide database. J. Jpn. Geotech. Soc. Soils Found. 44(1), 87–98 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The research described in this paper was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51408463), the Natural Science Foundation Research Project of Shaanxi province (Grant No. 2016JQ5091), and the Special Research Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government (Grant No. 17JK0424).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an, China

    Yuan Mei, Ya-Li Li, Juan Wang & Chang-Ming Hu

  2. Shaanxi Key Lab of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an, China

    Yuan Mei, Ya-Li Li, Juan Wang & Chang-Ming Hu

  3. School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, China

    Xue-Yan Wang

Authors
  1. Yuan Mei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ya-Li Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xue-Yan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Juan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chang-Ming Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuan Mei.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mei, Y., Li, YL., Wang, XY. et al. Statistical Analysis of Deformation Laws of Deep Foundation Pits in Collapsible Loess. Arab J Sci Eng 44, 8347–8360 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-03931-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-03931-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation