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Optimal Spinning Reserve Requirement Determination Considering Reliability Preferences of Customers

  • Research Article - Electrical Engineering
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Abstract

One of the main objectives of power system restructuring is to realize the choice of customers on their desired reliability levels in Spinning Reserve (SR) market. The reliability preferences of customers can affect required SR capacity significantly. So it is necessary to improve the operation of power system by developing the techniques based on customer choice on reliability. In this paper, a novel index is proposed for declaring the reliability preferences, named as Load Value Function (LVF) which is an exponential function of customer’s demand. A developed joint energy and SR markets clearing model is presented in which the declared LVFs are applied in SR capacity scheduling. The proposed market model is a stochastic nonlinear programming problem that minimizes the pre-contingency operation cost, the post-contingency expected operating cost associated with the SR scheduling and the total Expected Load Not Supplied (ELNS) cost of power system based on the proposed index. The modified IEEE reliability test system (IEEE-RTS) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed index in SR requirement determination problem. Also a comparison is performed between two cases in which the desired reliability levels of customers are based on the fixed Value of Lost Load (VOLL) and the proposed index.

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Abbreviations

N g :

Set of all generators

N b :

Set of all buses

N l :

Set of all branches

S :

Set of all contingencies

N d :

Set of all loads

\({P_{g,i}^{\min}}\) :

Lower limit on generator capacity in pre-and post-contingency states

\({P_{g,i}^{\max}}\) :

Upper limit on generator capacity in pre- and post-contingency states

\({P_{ij}^{\max}}\) :

Line power flow capacity of line i–j in pre-and post-contingency states

Rmpu g,i :

Maximum sustained ramp-up rate (MW/min) of a unit.

Rmpd g,i :

Maximum sustained ramp-down rate (MW/min) of a unit.

VOLL i :

Value of lost load of customer i

CP i :

Reliability preferences coefficient of customer i

P d,i :

Power demand of customer i in energy market

ρ g,i :

Offered price by generator i for production in the pre-contingency state

ρ ru,i :

Offered rate by generator i to provide up-spinning reserve.

ρ rd,i :

Offered rate by generator i to provide down-spinning reserve.

B :

DC load flow matrix in the pre-contingency state.

B i :

ith row of matrix B corresponding to bus i

B ij :

Corresponding element to ith row and jthcolumn of matrix B

B s :

DC load flow matrix under contingency s.

\({B_i^s}\) :

ith row of matrix B scorresponding to bus i

\({B_{ij}^s}\) :

Corresponding element to ith row and jth column of matrix B

prob s :

Occurrence probability of state s

n sys :

Total number of components in the system

n f :

Number of unavailable system components in state s

U c :

Unavailability probability of component c

P g,i :

Generator i power output in pre-contingency state Binary (0/1) variable denoting the off/on status

u g,i :

of the generator i

P ru,i :

Up-spinning reserve provided by generator i

P rd,i :

Down-spinning reserve provided by generator i

δ :

Vector of nodal phase angles for the pre-contingency state

\({\delta _i, \delta _j}\) :

Nodal phase angles of buses i and j for the pre-contingency state

δ s :

Vector of nodal phase angles under contingency s

\({\delta _i^s, \delta _j^s}\) :

Nodal phase angles of buses i and j under contingency s

\({P_{g,i}^s}\) :

Generator i power output under contingency s

LNS s,i :

Load Not Supplied of customer i under contingency s

A i :

Subscripted SR capacity of customer i

LVF i (A i ):

Load value function of customer i

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  1. Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty, Semnan University, 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran

    Meysam Amirahmadi & Asghar Akbari Foroud

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  1. Meysam Amirahmadi
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  2. Asghar Akbari Foroud
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Correspondence to Asghar Akbari Foroud.

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Amirahmadi, M., Akbari Foroud, A. Optimal Spinning Reserve Requirement Determination Considering Reliability Preferences of Customers. Arab J Sci Eng 39, 4945–4962 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1160-1

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