Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) as the most important bacterial agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses a wide treasure of virulence genes and factors. In due to this default, the aim of this research was to detect and identify some important virulence genes including cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA, and cdtB in isolated UPEC pathotypes. In this research, clinical samples of urine were collected in Shahr-e-Qods, Tehran, Iran. The UPEC pathotypes were confirmed by standard biochemical tests. The DNAs of isolated bacteria were extracted. The genes of cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA, and cdtB were run for multiplex PCR and gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the antibiogram was done for the isolated UPEC strains by 11 common antibiotics. In accordance with the results, the virulence genes of cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA, and cdtB were respectively recognized in 100%, 51.2%, 38.4%, 9.3%, and 0% of isolated UPEC pathotypes. In consequence, the final virulence gene profiling of the isolated UPEC strains was patterned as cnf1, cnf1-upaH, cnf1-upaH-hlyA, and cnf1-upaH-hlyA-ibeA. The chi-square tests showed no significant correlations between virulence gene profile and UTIs, between virulence gene profile and antibiotic resistance, and between virulence genes and different types of UTIs. The cnf1 virulence gene contributes in the occurrence of all types of UTIs. In contrast to cnf1, the cdtB gene was absent in the isolated UPEC strains in this investigation. The most ineffective antibiotics were recognized as Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Nalidixic acid, respectively, while Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, and Ciprofloxacin are the best options for UTIs treatment.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University for approving this project as the MSc thesis entitled “Detection of Virulence genes of cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA and cdtB in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.” We are obliged to Mr. Nima Mohammadzade (MSc), Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran for his sincere collaboration in this project. We also appreciate Mr. Hamid Reza Mohsenzadegan for his achievement regarding statistical analyses.
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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors (urine samples were prepared by laboratories, and we received them as anonymous samples at random; only gender and age of the patients were introduced to the authors).
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Communicated by: Agnieszka Szalewska-Palasz
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Hozzari, A., Behzadi, P., Kerishchi Khiabani, P. et al. Clinical cases, drug resistance, and virulence genes profiling in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Appl Genetics 61, 265–273 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-020-00542-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-020-00542-y