Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the difference in tropical cyclone (TC) formation in different cyclonic circulation locations using a mesoscale model on a beta plane. A weak initial vortex is imposed at different positions in a cyclonic circulation. Numerical experiments indicate that the tropical disturbances located in the center and northeastern parts of the cyclonic circulation are favorable to TC formation, while those located in the south of the cyclonic circulation are unfavorable. Since the asymmetric circulation induced by the beta effect peaks in the northeastern quadrant of the vortex, when the initial vortex is placed in the southern part of the cyclonic circulation, the vortex begins to develop in the south due to the effect of the westerly wind of the cyclonic circulation. The westerly wind of the cyclonic circulation gradually decreases and the vortex is contributed mainly by the beta effect afterwards. Thus, establishment of the convection–circulation–moisture positive feedback is delayed, unfavorable to TC rapid development. On the contrary, when the initial vortex is placed in the northern part of the cyclonic circulation, the superposition of the beta gyres and easterly wind of the cyclonic circulation induces stronger wavenumber-1 wind in the northeastern part of the vortex. The greater asymmetric wind is closely associated with the symmetric wind through energy conversion, thus accelerating a positive feedback and facilitating vortex development into a stronger TC. Meanwhile, when the initial vortex is placed in the center and eastern parts of the cyclonic circulation, the vortex develops a little slower than when it is placed in the northern part, but stronger than when placed in the southern part.
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The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers, editors, and Prof. Tim Li for their constructive suggestions, which helped improve the paper.
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Supported by the National Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (2014CB953902), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41505048, 41461164005, 41275001, and 41475074), and LASW State Key Laboratory Special Fund (2015LASW-B04).
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Cao, X., Chen, G. & Xiao, X. Simulation of tropical cyclogenesis in association with large-scale cyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific. J Meteorol Res 30, 897–914 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-016-5086-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-016-5086-2