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Regional climate simulation of tropical cyclone at gray-zone resolution over western North Pacific: with/without cumulus parameterization

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Abstract

Tropical cyclones (TCs) simulated at gray-zone resolution (9 km) in the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) are evaluated over the Western North Pacific (WNP) during 11-year (2008–2018) TC seasons (June–November). The effects of the cumulus parameterization (CPS) are tested with two sets of numerical experiments: one involving CPS (ICPS) and one without (NICPS). Through comparisons with the observation and reanalysis, it is shown that the ICPS experiment yields good skills in simulating TC frequency due to more realistic large-scale mean states, including stronger low-tropospheric circulation, wetter mid-tropospheric environment, and stronger ascending motion over the TC main development region (MDR). On the other hand, the NICPS experiment is found to better reproduce intense TCs (Saffir–Simpson hurricane categories 3, 4 and 5) in terms of intensity, accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), and inner-core size. NICPS can also reasonably capture TC inner-core structure with stronger radial inflow in the boundary layer, rising motion around the eyewall and outflow in the mid to upper troposphere. Nevertheless, NICPS significantly underestimates TC outer size due to rapidly decay of TC outer wind field, suggesting limited severe convective activities in the outer region.

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Data availability

The IBTrACs data used in this study can be accessed at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/international-best-track-archive?name=ib-v4-access. The ERA5 reanalysis data could be available from https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Masaki Satoh for constructive suggestions. The authors also thank Dr. Wenqiang Shen to provide the python shell about the method of TC detection. The numerical calculations in this paper have been done on the computing facilities in the High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) of Nanjing University.

Funding

The work is jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0606003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41875124), and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Gufeng Bian, Jianping Tang, Shuguang Wang & Juan Fang

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  1. Gufeng Bian
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  2. Jianping Tang
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  3. Shuguang Wang
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  4. Juan Fang
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by GB and JT. The first draft of the manuscript was written by GB and, JT, SW and JF revised the manuscript with constructive suggestions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jianping Tang.

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Bian, G., Tang, J., Wang, S. et al. Regional climate simulation of tropical cyclone at gray-zone resolution over western North Pacific: with/without cumulus parameterization. Clim Dyn 61, 3179–3194 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06740-8

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