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Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles for microRNA delivery in cancer treatment

  • Review Article
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Abstract

Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) are natural nanocarriers and effective delivery systems for plant microRNAs (miRNAs). These PELN-carrying plant miRNAs can regulate mammalian genes across species, thereby increasing the diversity of miRNAs in mammals and exerting multi-target effects that play a crucial role in diseases, particularly cancer. PELNs demonstrate exceptional stability, biocompatibility, and targeting capabilities that protect and facilitate the up-take and cross-kingdom communication of plant miRNAs in mammals. Primarily ingested and absorbed within the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, PELNs preferentially act on the intestine to regulate intestinal homeostasis through functional miRNA activity. The oncogenesis and progression of cancer are closely associated with disruptions in intestinal barriers, ecological imbalances, as well as secondary changes, such as abnormal inflammatory reactions caused by them. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate whether PELNs exert their anticancer effects by regulating mammalian intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. This review aims to elucidate the intrinsic crosstalk relationships and mechanisms of PELNs-mediated miRNAs in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, regulating inflammation and cancer treatment. Furthermore, serving as exceptional drug delivery systems for miRNAs molecules, PELNs offer broad prospects for future applications, including new drug research and development along with drug carrier selection within targeted drug delivery approaches for cancer therapy.

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Data availability

No new datasets were collected or generated for the purposes of this review article.

Abbreviations

PELNs:

Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles

miRNAs:

microRNAs

EVs:

extracellular vehicles

ELNs:

exosome-like nanoparticles

GDNs:

grapefruit-derived nanovesicles

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

HCC:

hepatocellular carcinoma

IBD:

inflammatory bowel disease

IL:

interleukin

GELNs:

ginger derived exosome-like nanoparticles

MVBs:

multivesicular bodies

PA:

phosphatidic acid

CLDENs:

Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don leaves-derived exosome-like nanovesicles

bNPs:

rice bran-derived nanoparticles

EPDELNs:

edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles

LGG:

Lactobacillus rhamnosus

TSD-27:

Ruminococcaceae sp.

OATP2B1:

organic anion–transporting peptide 2B1

CELNs:

nanoparticles extracted from coconut water

NF-κB:

nuclear factor-κB

NF:

tumor necrosis factor

TGF:

tumor growth transforming factor

GSK-3β:

glycogen synthase kinase-3β

Tnfrsf1a:

TNF receptor superfamily member 1a

NLR:

nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat

NLRP3:

Recombinant NLR Family, Pyrin Domain Containing Protein 3

DSS:

dextran sulfate sodium

5-FU:

5-Fluorouracil

GENs:

exosome-like nanoparticles derived from ginseng

GNVs:

grapefruit-derived nanovectors

pGNVs:

GNV-based nanovector hybridized with polyethylenimine

FA:

folic acid

MHCI:

major histocompatibility complex I

CAC:

colitis-associated cancer

TFENs:

exosome-like nanoparticles from tea flowers

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

GNVs-FA:

GNVs binding FA

HRED:

heparin-cRGD-EVs-doxorubicin

PTX:

paclitaxel

siRNA:

short interfering RNA

AELNs:

acerola exosome-like nanoparticles

BMSCs:

bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

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Funding

This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82074450), the Key Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department (21A0243), the Key Project of Academician Workstation Guidance Project (22YS002), the Key Projects of First-class Discipline of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (2021ZXYJH11), and the National Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City (kq2202271).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Chun Yi

  2. College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan Province, China

    Linzhu Lu, Zhaosheng Li, Qianqian Guo & Xuefei Tian

  3. The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Longyun Ou

  4. Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Liver Diseases, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Rd, Hunan, 410208, Changsha, China

    Ruoyu Wang

  5. Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Tradional Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Xuefei Tian

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X.T., R.W., and C.Y. conceived and designed the study. C.Y. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. L.L., Z.L., Q.G., and L.O. wrote sections of the manuscript. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.

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Yi, C., Lu, L., Li, Z. et al. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles for microRNA delivery in cancer treatment. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-024-01621-x

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