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Nanomedicine in therapeutic warfront against estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer

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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide. Almost 70–80% of cases of BC are curable at the early non-metastatic stage. BC is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes. Around 70% of breast tumors exhibit estrogen-receptor (ER) expression and endocrine therapy is used for the treatment of these patients. However, there are high chances of recurrence in the endocrine therapy regimen. Though chemotherapy and radiation therapy have substantially improved survival rates and treatment outcomes in BC patients, there is an increased possibility of the development of resistance and dose-limiting toxicities. Conventional treatment approaches often suffer from low bioavailability, adverse effects due to the non-specific action of chemotherapeutics, and low antitumor efficacy. Nanomedicine has emerged as a conspicuous strategy for delivering anticancer therapeutics in BC management. It has revolutionized the area of cancer therapy by increasing the bioavailability of the therapeutics and improving their anticancer efficacy with reduced toxicities on healthy tissues. In this article, we have highlighted various mechanisms and pathways involved in the progression of ER-positive BC. Further, different nanocarriers delivering drugs, genes, and natural therapeutic agents for surmounting BC are the spotlights of this article.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP), Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India

    Mayur Aalhate, Srushti Mahajan & Pankaj Kumar Singh

  2. Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India

    Hoshiyar Singh & Santosh Kumar Guru

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  1. Mayur Aalhate
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  2. Srushti Mahajan
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Contributions

Mayur Aalhate and Srushti Mahajan: Literature survey and writing and draft preparation of the manuscript. Hoshiyar Singh: Proof reading and revision. Santosh Kumar Guru and Pankaj Kumar Singh: Reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Pankaj Kumar Singh.

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Highlights

• Conventional anticancer strategies suffer due to low tissue accumulation, poor bioavailability, and high drug resistance.

• Breast cancer relapse is a result of tumor heterogeneity and the complexity of pathways.

• Nanomedicine has the potential to combat unmet clinical needs in cancer treatments.

• Lipids, polymers, and inorganic material-based formulations can effectively target breast cancer and deliver therapeutic genes and drugs.

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Aalhate, M., Mahajan, S., Singh, H. et al. Nanomedicine in therapeutic warfront against estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 13, 1621–1653 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-023-01299-7

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