Abstract
A numerical study adopting the 2D δ-SPH model is performed to compare the hydrodynamic characteristics of a single pontoon floating breakwater and a double pontoon floating breakwater. Numerical simulations are performed using the δ-SPH model and experimental tests are conducted to validate the numerical model. The numerical results of both the free surface elevations and motions of the floating breakwater are in good agreement with the experimental results. Numerical results show that when the pontoon drafts are larger, the double pontoon floating breakwater performs better in wave attenuations compared with the single pontoon floating breakwater, and for all the drafts, the amplitudes of motions including sway, heave and roll of the double pontoon floating breakwater is always smaller. In addition, increasing the spacing between the two pontoons can further reduce the amplitudes of pontoon motions and improve the wave attenuation ability of the double pontoon floating breakwater.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Altomare, C., Crespo, A.J.C., Domínguez, J.M., Gómez-Gesteira, M., Suzuki, T. and Verwaest, T., 2015. Applicability of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for estimation of sea wave impact on coastal structures, Coastal Engineering, 96, 1–12.
Altomare, C., Tagliafierro, B., Dominguez, J.M., Suzuki, T. and Viccione, G., 2018. Improved relaxation zone method in SPH-based model for coastal engineering applications, Applied Ocean Research, 81, 15–83.
Antuono, M., Colagrossi, A., Marrone, S. and Molteni, D., 2010. Free-surface flows solved by means of SPH schemes with numerical diffusive terms, Computer Physics Communications, 181(3), 532–549.
Bouscasse, B., Colagrossi, A., Marrone, S. and Antuono, M., 2013. Nonlinear water wave interaction with floating bodies in SPH, Journal of Fluids and Structure, 42, 112–129.
Cheng, H., Ming, F.R., Sun, P.N., Sui, Y.T. and Zhang, A.M., 2020. Ship hull slamming analysis with smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, Applied Ocean Research, 101, 102268.
Cheng, H., Zhang, A.M. and Ming, F.R., 2017. Study on coupled dynamics of ship and flooding water based on experimental and SPH methods, Physics of Fluids, 29(10), 107101.
Cheng, X.F., Liu, C., Zhang, Q.L., He, M. and Gao, X.F., 2021. Numerical study on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a double-row floating breakwater composed of a pontoon and an airbag, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(9), 983.
Christensen, D.E., Bingham, H.B., Friis, A.P.S., Larsen, A.K. and Jensen, K.L., 2018. An experimental and numerical study of floating breakwaters, Coastal Engineering, 137, 43–58.
Colagrossi, A., Antuono, M., Souto-Iglesias, A. and Le Touzé, D., 2011. Theoretical analysis and numerical verification of the consistency of viscous smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics formulations in simulating free-surface flows, Physical Review E, 84(2), 026705.
Colagrossi, A. and Landrini, M., 2003. Numerical simulation of interfacial flows by smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Journal of Computational Physics, 191(2), 448–475.
Cui, J., Chen, X. and Sun, P.N., 2021. Numerical investigation on the hydrodynamic performance of a new designed breakwater using smoothed particle hydrodynamic method, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 130, 379–403.
Cui, J., Chen, X., Sun, P.N. and Li, M.Y., 2022. Numerical investigation on the hydrodynamic behavior of a floating breakwater with moon pool through a coupling SPH model, Ocean Engineering, 248, 110849.
Dai, J., Wang, C.M., Utsunomiya, T. and Duan, W.H., 2018. Review of recent research and developments on floating breakwaters, Ocean Engineering, 158, 132–151.
Gao, J.L., Ma, X.Z., Zang, J., Dong, G.H., Ma, X.J., Zhu, Y.Z. and Zhou, L., 2020. Numerical investigation of harbor oscillations induced by focused transient wave groups, Coastal Engineering, 158, 103670.
Gao, J.L., Ma, X.Z., Dong, G.H., Chen, H.Z., Liu, Q. and Zang, J., 2021. Investigation on the effects of Bragg reflection on harbor oscillations, Coastal Engineering, 170, 103977.
Gingold, R.A. and Monaghan, J.J., 1977. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: theory and application to non-spherical stars, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 181(3), 375–389.
Goda, Y. and Suzuki, Y., 1976. Estimation of incident and reflected waves in random wave experiments, Proceeding of the 15th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, Honolulu.
Gómez-Gesteira, M. and Dalrymple, R.A., 2004. Using a three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for wave impact on a tall structure, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 130(2), 63–69.
Gotoh, H. and Khayyer, A., 2018. On the state-of-the-art of particle methods for coastal and ocean engineering, Coastal Engineering Journal, 60(1), 79–103.
Hadžić, I., Hennig, J., Perić, M. and Xing-Kaeding, Y., 2005. Computation of flow-induced motion of floating bodies, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 29(12), 1196–1210.
He, M., Gao, X.F., Xu, W.H., Ren, B. & Wang, H.S., 2019. Potential application of submerged horizontal plate as a wave energy breakwater: a 2D study using the WCSPH method, Ocean Engineering, 185, 27–46.
He, M., Khayyer, A., Gao, X.F., Xu, W.H. and Liu, B.J., 2021. Theoretical method for generating solitary waves using plunger-type wavemakers and its smoothed particle hydrodynamics validation, Applied Ocean Research, 106, 102414.
He, M., Xu, W.H., Gao, X.F. and Ren, B., 2018. The layout of submerged horizontal plate breakwater (SHPB) with respect to the tidal-level variation, Coastal Engineering Journal, 60(3), 280–298.
Ji, C.Y., Cheng, Y., Yang, K. and Oleg, G., 2017. Numerical and experimental investigation of hydrodynamic performance of a cylindrical dual pontoon-net floating breakwater, Coastal Engineering, 129, 1–16.
Ji, C.Y., Deng, X.K. and Cheng, Y., 2019. An experimental study of double-row floating breakwaters, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 24(2), 359–371.
Khayyer, A. and Gotoh, H., 2009. Modified Moving Particle Semi-implicit methods for the prediction of 2D wave impact pressure, Coastal Engineering, 56(4), 419–440.
Khayyer, A., Gotoh, H., Shimizu, Y., Gotoh, K., Falahaty, H. and Shao, S.D., 2018. Development of a projection-based SPH method for numerical wave flume with porous media of variable porosity, Coastal Engineering, 140, 1–22.
Khayyer, A., Gotoh, H., Shimizu, Y. and Nishijima, Y., 2021. A 3D Lagrangian meshfree projection-based solver for hydroelastic Fluid-Structure Interactions, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 105, 103342.
Lee, K.H. and Mizutani, N., 2009. A numerical wave tank using direct-forcing immersed boundary method and its application to wave force on a horizontal cylinder, Coastal Engineering Journal, 51(1), 27–48.
Li, A.J., Liu, Y., Li, H.J. and Fang, H., 2020. Analysis of water wave interaction with a submerged fluid-filled semi-circular membrane breakwater, Ocean Engineering, 197, 106901.
Liang, J.M., Liu, Y., Chen, Y.K. and Li, A.J., 2022. Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics of the box-type floating breakwater with different mooring configurations, Ocean Engineering, 254, 111296.
Lind, S.J., Stansby, P.K., Rogers, B.D. and Lloyd, P.M., 2015. Numerical predictions of water-air wave slam using incompressible-compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Applied Ocean Research, 49, 57–71.
Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lin, P.Z. and Li, A.J., 2021. Numerical simulation of wave overtopping above perforated caisson breakwaters, Coastal Engineering, 163, 103795.
Liu, Z.Q. and Wang, Y.Z., 2020. Numerical investigations and optimizations of typical submerged box-type floating breakwaters using SPH, Ocean Engineering, 209, 107475.
Luo, M., Khayyer, A. and Lin, P.Z., 2021. Particle methods in ocean and coastal engineering, Applied Ocean Research, 114, 102734.
Meringolo, D.D., Aristodemo, F. and Veltri, P., 2015. SPH numerical modeling of wave-perforated breakwater interaction, Coastal Engineering, 101, 48–68.
Meringolo, D.D., Marrone, S., Colagrossi, A. and Liu, Y., 2019. A dynamic δ-SPH model: how to get rid of diffusive parameter tuning, Computers & Fluids, 179, 334–355.
Monaghan, J.J., 1992. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 30, 543–574.
Ni, X.Y., Feng, W.B., Huang, S.C., Zhang, Y. and Feng, X., 2018. A SPH numerical wave flume with non-reflective open boundary conditions, Ocean Engineering, 163, 483–501.
Peng, W., Lee, K.H., Shin, S.H. and Mizutani, N., 2013. Numerical simulation of interactions between water waves and inclined-moored submerged floating breakwaters, Coastal Engineering, 82, 76–87.
Quartier, N., Crespo, A.J.C., Domínguez, J.M., Stratigaki, V. and Troch, P., 2021. Efficient response of an onshore Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter using a one-phase SPH model coupled with a multiphysics library, Applied Ocean Research, 115, 102856.
Rahman, A., Mizutani, N. and Kawasaki, K., 2006. Numerical modeling of dynamic responses and mooring forces of submerged floating breakwater, Coastal Engineering, 53(10), 799–815.
Ren, B., He, M., Dong, P. and Wen, H.J., 2015. Nonlinear simulations of wave-induced motions of a freely floating body using WCSPH method, Applied Ocean Research, 50, 1–12.
Ren, B., He, M., Li, Y.B. and Dong, P., 2017. Application of smoothed particle hydrodynamics for modeling the wave-moored floating breakwater interaction, Applied Ocean Research, 67, 277–290.
Ren, Y.R., Khayyer, A., Luo, M. and Lin, P.Z., 2021. Comparative analysis of Standard-WCSPH, δ-SPH and Riemann-SPH in modeling free-surface flows, Proceedings of the Thirty-first International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE, Rhodes.
Tripepi, G., Aristodemo, F., Meringolo, D.D., Gurnari, L. and Filianoti, P., 2020. Hydrodynamic forces induced by a solitary wave interacting with a submerged square barrier: physical tests and δ-LES-SPH simulations, Coastal Engineering, 158, 103690.
Wang, X.Y., Liu, Y. and Lu, L., 2019. Analytical solution of oblique wave interacting with a periodic array of specific caissons connected with partially immersed thin walls (comb-type), Ocean Engineering, 186, 106107.
Wen, H.J. and Ren, B., 2018. A non-reflective spectral wave maker for SPH modeling of nonlinear wave motion, Wave Motion, 79, 112–128.
Wendland, H., 1995. Piecewise polynomial, positive definite and compactly supported radial functions of minimal degree, Advances in Computational Mathematics, 4(1), 389–396.
Yang, J.M. and Stern, F., 2012. A simple and efficient direct forcing immersed boundary framework for fluid-structure interactions, Journal of Computational Physics, 231(15), 5029–5061.
You, Y., Khayyer, A., Zheng, X., Gotoh, H. and Ma, Q.W., 2021. Enhancement of δ-SPH for ocean engineering applications through incorporation of a background mesh scheme, Applied Ocean Research, 110, 102508.
Zhang, G.Y., Zhao, W.W. and Wan, D.C., 2022. Moving Particle Semi-implicit method coupled with Finite Element Method for hydroelastic responses of floating structures in waves, European Journal of Mechanics − B/Fluids, 95, 63–82.
Zhuo, C.F., Feng, F., Wu, X.S., Liu, Q. and Ma, H., 2014. Numerical simulation of the muzzle flows with base bleed projectile based on dynamic overlapped grids, Computers & Fluids, 105, 307–320.
Funding
The study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51725903 and 52088102).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Yk., Liu, Y. & Meringolo, D.D. Comparison of Hydrodynamic Performances Between Single Pontoon and Double Pontoon Floating Breakwaters Through the SPH Method. China Ocean Eng 36, 894–910 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-022-0078-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-022-0078-8