Abstract
In the present study, floating breakwaters (FBs) consisting of a trapezoid pontoon with attached porous plates are examined experimentally in deep water. A 2D experimental model has been carried out in the wave flume of the Research Institute for Subsea Science and Technology at IUT using regular waves. A total of 45 experiments have been performed to cover a wide range of sea state conditions and geometrical parameters such as wave height, wave period, breakwater draught, number of attached porous plates, porous plate height, the porosity of the attached plates, and also arrangements of porous plates. The results related to transmitted waves, mooring line force, and motion responses of the incident waves on the FB are presented. It is shown that the performance of the structure improves because of the attached plate, but not significant as in the case of FB with overall draught equal to that of the plate height. An increase in the number of attached porous plates under the breakwater may lead to a reduction of transmitted waves. The attached porous plate at the front of the FB with low porosity significantly enhances the hydrodynamic efficiency of FB. By increasing the porous plate height, the capability of the structure to reduce the wave transmission improves significantly, but the mooring line force and sway motion would increase. A new formula was developed to predict the transmission coefficient in trapezoidal FBs with at least two attached porous plates under the structure. Experimental data are in agreement with the results of the formula. In general, because using the attached porous plates results in reducing the wave transmission and also them being cost-effective, the use of attached porous plates under the structure in the design of FB could be considered the most efficient method.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdolali A, Kolahdoozan M (2011) Comparison of analytical methods of wave decomposition for evaluating reflection coefficient. J Mar Eng 7(14):105–116
Abul-Azm AG, Gesraha MR (2000) Approximation to the hydrodynamics of floating pontoons under oblique waves. Ocean Eng 27:365–384
Christian CD (2000) Floating breakwaters for small boat marina protection. In: Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ICCE), pp 2268–2277
Dong GH, Zheng YN, Li YC, Teng B, Guan CT, Lin DF (2008) Experiments on wave transmission coefficients of floating breakwater. Ocean Eng 37(8–9):931–938
Drimer N, Agnon Y, Stiassnie M (1992) A simplified analytical model for a floating breakwater in water of finite depth. Appl Ocean Res 14:33–41
Elchahal G, Younes R, Lafon P (2008) The effects of reflection coefficient of the harbor side wall on the performance of floating breakwaters. Ocean Eng 35:1102–1112
Gesraha MR (2006) Analysis of π shaped floating breakwater in oblique waves: I. Impervious rigid wave boards. Appl Ocean Res 28:327–338
Goda Y, Suzuki Y (1976) Estimation of incident and reflected waves in random wave experiments. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp 828–845
Hales LZ (1981) Floating breakwater: State-of-the-Art, literature preview. TR 81-1, U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center, Technical Report No. TR-81-1, Fort Belvoir, VA.
He F, Huang ZH, Adrian WKL (2012) Hydrodynamic performance of a rectangular floating breakwater with and without pneumatic chambers: an experimental study. Ocean Eng 51:16–27
Ji CY, Chen X, Cui J, Yuan ZM, Incecik A (2015) Experimental study of a new type of floating breakwater. Ocean Eng 105:295–303
Koftis TH, Prinos P (2005) Improved hydrodynamic efficiency of pontoon-type floating breakwaters. In: Proceedings of XXXI International Conference of IAHR. Seoul, Korea, pp 4047–4056
Koraim AS, Rageh OS (2010) Hydraulic performance of vertical walls with horizontal slots used as breakwater. Coast Eng 57(8):745–756
Koraima AS, Rageh OS (2013) Effect of under connected plates on the hydrodynamic efficiency of the floating breakwater. China Ocean Eng 28(3):349–362
Koutandos EV, Prinos P, Gironella X (2005) Floating breakwaters under regular and irregular wave forcing: reflection and transmission characteristics. J Hydraul Res 43(2):174–188
Kriezi EE, Karambas THV, Prinos P, Koutitas C (2001) Interaction of floating breakwaters with waves in shallow waters. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on IAHR 2001, Beijing, China, pp 69–76
Mani JS (1991) Design of Y-frame floating breakwater. J Waterw Port Coast Ocean Eng 117(2):105–119
Martinelli L, Roul P, Zanuttigh B (2008) Wave basin experiments on floating breakwater with different layouts. Appl Ocean Res 30:199–207
Moghim MN, Botshekan M (2017) Analysis of the performance of Pontoon-type floating breakwaters. The HKIE Trans 24:9–16
Murali K, Mani JS (1997) Performance of cage floating breakwater. J Waterw Port Coast Ocean Eng 123:172–179
Nikpour AH, Moghim MN, Badri MA (2019) Experimental study of wave attenuation in trapezoidal floating breakwaters. China Ocean Eng 33(1):1–11
Peña E, Ferreras J, Sanchez-Tembleque F (2011) Experimental study on wave transmission coefficient, mooring lines and module connector forces with different designs of floating breakwaters. Ocean Eng 38:1150–1160
Sannasiraj SA, Sundar V, Sundaravadivelu R (1998) Mooring forces and motion responses of pontoon-type floating breakwaters. Ocean Eng 25:27–48
Tang HJ, Huang CC, Chen WM (2011) Dynamics of dual pontoon floating structure for cage aquaculture in a two-dimensional numerical wave tank. J Fluids Struct 27:918–936
Tolba ERAS (1998) Behavior of floating breakwaters under wave action. Ph.D. Thesis, Suez Canal University.
Uzaki KI, Ikehata Y, Matsunaga N (2011) Performance of the wave energy dissipation of a floating breakwater with truss structures and the quantification of transmission coefficients. J Coastal Res 27(4):687–697
Williams AN, Abul-Azm AG (1997) Dual pontoon floating breakwater. Ocean Eng 24:465–478
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to the Research Institute for Subsea Science and Technology, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), for providing experimental facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nasri, B., Moghim, M.N. & Badri, M.A. Experimental study on trapezoidal pontoon-type floating breakwaters with attached porous plates. J. Ocean Eng. Mar. Energy 7, 41–57 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-021-00185-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-021-00185-z