Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Protective immune response of live attenuated thermo-adapted peste des petits ruminants vaccine in goats

  • Original Article
  • Published:
VirusDisease Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Virulent isolate of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) of Indian origin (PPRV Jhansi 2003) initially adapted in Vero cells was further propagated in thermo-adapted (Ta) Vero cells grown at 40 °C for attaining thermo-adaption and attenuation of virus for development of Ta vaccine against PPR in goats and sheep. The virus was attenuated up to 50 passages in Ta Vero cells, at which, the virus was found sterile, innocuous in mice and guinea pigs and safe in seronegative goats and sheep. The developed vaccine was tested for its immunogenicity in goats and sheep by subcutaneous inoculation of 100 TCID50 (0.1 field dose), 103 TCID50 (one field dose) and 105 TCID50 (100 field doses) of the attenuated virus along with controls as per OIE described protocols for PPR vaccine testing and were assessed for PPRV-specific antibodies 7–28 days post vaccination (dpv) by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization tests. The PPRV antibodies were detected in all immunized goats and sheep and goats were protective when challenged with virulent PPRV at 28th dpv along with controls for potency testing of the vaccine. The attenuated vaccine did not induce any adverse reaction at high dose (105 TCID50) in goats and sheep and provided complete protection even at low dose (102 TCID50) in goats when challenged with virulent virus. There was no shedding and horizontal transmission of the attenuated virus to in-contact controls. The results indicate that the developed PPR Ta attenuated virus is innocuous, safe, immunogenic and potent or efficacious vaccine candidate alternative to the existing vaccines for the protection of goats and sheep against PPR in the tropical countries like India.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Balamurugan V, Sen A, Saravanan P, Bhanuprakash V, Patra RC, Swamp D, Singh RK. Potential effect of Acacia arabica on peste des petits ruminants virus replication. Pharm Biol. 2008;46(3):171–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Balamurugan V, Sen A, Saravanan P, Singh RP, Singh RK, Rasool TJ, Bandyopadhyay SK. One-step multiplex RT-PCR assay for the detection of PPR virus in clinical samples. Vet Res Commun. 2006;30:655–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Balamurugan V, Sen A, Venkatesan G, Yadav V, Bhanot V, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK. Application of semi-quantitative M gene-based hydrolysis probe (TaqMan) real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus in the clinical samples for investigation into clinical prevalence of disease. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2010;57:383–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Balamurugan V, Sen A, Venkatesan G, Yadav V, Bhanot V, Riyesh T, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the structural genes of virulent isolates and vaccine strains of Peste des petits ruminants virus from India. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2010;57:352–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Balamurugan V, Sen A, Venkatesan G, Yadav V, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK. Isolation and identification of virulent peste des petits ruminants viruses from PPR outbreaks in India. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2010;42:1043–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bandyopadhyay SK, Singh RP, Chandra U. Efficacy of the micro-method of the assessment of neutralizing antibodies following vaccination/infection with rinderpest virus. Indian J Anim Sci. 1999;69:82–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Couacy-Hymann E, Roger F, Hurard C, Guillou JP, Libeau G, Diallo A. Rapid and sensitive detection of peste des petits ruminants virus by a polymerase chain reaction assay. J Virol Methods. 2002;100:17–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Diallo A, Minet C, Le Goff C, Berhe G, Albina E, Libeau G, Barrett T. The threat of peste des petits ruminants: progress in vaccine development for disease control. Vaccine. 2007;25(30):5591–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Diallo A, Taylor WP, Lefevre PC, Provosta A. Attenuation of a virulent PPR strain potential homologous live vaccine. Revue d Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux (Paris). 1989;42:311–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Forsyth MA, Barrett T. Detection and differentiation of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses in diagnostic and experimental samples by polymerase chain reaction using P and F gene-specific primers. Virus Res. 1995;39:151–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Libeau G, Diallo A, Parida S. Evolutionary genetics underlying the spread of peste des petits ruminants virus. Anim Front. 2014;4(1):14–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. OIE-World Organisation for Animal Health-Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, chap. 2.7.11. Paris: OIE; 2013. p. 1–14.

  13. Raut A, Singh RK, Malik M, Joseph MC, Baksi CS, Suryanarayana VVS, et al. Development of a thermoresistant tissue culture Rinderpest Vaccine Virus. Acta Virol. 2001;45:235–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Reed LJ, Muench HA. A simple method of estimating fifty percent end points. Am J Hyg. 1938;27:493–7.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Riyesh T, Balamurugan V, Sen A, Bhanuprakash V, Venkatesan G, Yadav V, Singh RK. Evaluation of efficacy of stabilizers on the thermostability of live attenuated thermo-adapted Peste des petits ruminants vaccines. Virol Sin. 2011;26(5):324–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rossitter PB, Jessett DM, Taylor WP. Microneutralisation systems for use with different strains of peste des petits ruminants virus and rinderpest virus. Trop Anim Health Prod. 1985;17:75–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Santhosh AK, Gomes AR, Hegde R, Rathnamma D, Veeregowda BM, Byregowda SM, Renukaprasad C, Bhanuprakash V, Prabhudas K, Hegde NR, Isloor S. Comparative immunogenicity of two peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccines in South Indian sheep and goats under field conditions. Indian J Virol. 2013;24(3):373–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Saravanan P, Sen A, Balamurugan V, Rajak KK, Bhanuprakash V, Palaniswami KS, Nachimuthu K, Thangavelu A, Dhinakarraj G, Hegde R, Singh RK. Comparative efficacy of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccines. Biologicals. 2010;38(4):479–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sarkar J, Sreenivasa BP, Singh RP, Dhar P, Bandyopadhyay SK. Comparative efficacy of various chemical stabilizers on the thermo stability of a live-attenuated peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine. Vaccine. 2003;21(32):4728–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Sen A, Balamurugan V, Rajak KK, Chakravarti S, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK. Role of heavy water in biological sciences with an emphasis on thermostabilization of vaccines. Exp Rev Vaccines. 2009;8(11):1587–602.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Singh RK, Balamurugan V, Bhanuprakash V, Sen A, Saravanan P, Yadav MP. Possible control and eradication of peste des petits ruminants from India: technical aspects. Vet Ital. 2009;45(3):449–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Singh RP. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus. PhD Thesis, 2002; Submitted to Deemed University, IVRI, Izatnagar, India.

  23. Singh RP. Control strategies for peste des petits ruminants in small ruminants of India. Rev Sci Tech. 2011;30(3):879–87.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Singh RP, De UK, Pandey KD. Virological and antigenic characterization of two peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine viruses of Indian origin. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;33(4):343–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Singh RP, Sreenivasa BP, Dhar P, Bandyopadhyay SK. A sandwich-ELISA for the diagnosis of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) infection in small ruminants using antinucleocapsid protein monoclonal antibody. Arch Virol. 2004;149:2155–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Singh RP, Sreenivasa BP, Dhar P, Shah LC, Babdyopadhyay SK. Development of Monoclonal antibody based competitive-ELISA for detection and titration of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants virus. Vet Microbiol. 2004;8:3–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Worrall EE, Litamoi JK, Seck BM, Ayelet G. Xerovac: an ultra rapid method for the dehydration and preservation of live attenuated rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants vaccines. Vaccine. 2000;19(7–8):834–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Director, Indian Veterinary Research Institute for providing necessary facilities to carry out this work and the staff of Rinderpest and Allied Disease Laboratory and Animal Sheds, Division of Virology, Mukteswar, for their valuable assistance and timely help in carrying out this work. The study in the form of Ad-hoc Scheme (F.No.11-3/2007-GA-II and 1-1/2007-ASR-IV) was funded by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Government of India, New Delhi, India.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India

    V. Balamurugan, A. Sen, G. Venkatesan, V. Bhanuprakash & R. K. Singh

  2. National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI) (formerly Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance-PD_ADMAS), Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, India

    V. Balamurugan

  3. Animal Health Division, ICAR-NEH Region, Umiam, 793 103, Meghalaya, India

    A. Sen

  4. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bangalore Campus, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, India

    V. Bhanuprakash

  5. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India

    R. K. Singh

Authors
  1. V. Balamurugan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Sen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Venkatesan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. V. Bhanuprakash
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. K. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. Balamurugan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Balamurugan, V., Sen, A., Venkatesan, G. et al. Protective immune response of live attenuated thermo-adapted peste des petits ruminants vaccine in goats. VirusDis. 25, 350–357 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-014-0208-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-014-0208-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation