Abstract
In this paper, a graphene-coated surface plasmon resonance sensor is designed for the examination of Rodent urine which is responsible for Leptospirosis bacteria. Rodent urine is considered as sensing medium. Graphene surface is activated by phosphate-buffered saline solution for better attachment of Leptospirosis bacteria on its surface. Oliguria and Polyuria are the Rodent urine with high and low concentrations of Leptospirosis bacteria, respectively. The transfer matrix method is used for the formulation of reflection intensity of p-polarized light. The reflectance curves for angular interrogation are plotted and the results are obtained in terms of sensitivity, detection accuracy, and quality factor. The significantly high sensitivity and detection accuracy for Oliguria distinguishes it from Polyuria having lower sensitivity.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
P. N. Levett, “Leptospirosis,” Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2001, 14(2): 296–326.
A. Packchanian, “Susceptibility and resistance of certain species of American deer mice, genus Peromyscus, and other rodents to Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae,” Public Health Reports (1896–1970), 1940, 55(31): 1389–1402.
S. Faine, B. Adler, C. Bolin, and P. Perolat, Leptospira and leptospirosis. Melbourne, Australia: MediSci, 1999
F. Costa, J. E. Hagan, J. Calcagno, M. Kane, P. Torgerson, M. S. Martinez-Silveira, et al., “Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review,” Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2015, 9(9): e0003898.
S. N. Ahmed, S. Shah, and F. M. H. Ahmad, “Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis,” Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 2005, 51(3): 195.
J. Homola, “Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors,” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2003, 377(3): 528–539.
J. B. Maurya and Y. K. Prajapati, “Influence of dielectric coating on performance of surface plasmon resonance sensor,” Plasmonics, 2017, 12(4): 1121–1130.
E. Kretschmann and H. Raether, “Radiative decay of non radiative surface plasmons excited by light,” Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, 1968, 23(12): 2135–2136.
B. Liedberg, C. Nylander, and I. Lundstrom, “Surface plasmon resonance for gas detection and biosensing,” Sensors and Actuators, 1983, 4: 299–304.
J. B. Maurya and Y. K. Prajapati, “A comparative study of different metal and prism in the surface plasmon resonance biosensor having MoS2-graphene,” Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2016, 48(5): 280.
L. Wu, H. S. Chu, W. S. Koh, and E. P. Li, “Highly sensitive graphene biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance,” Optics Express, 2010, 18(14): 14395–14400.
D. G. Papageorgiou, I. A. Kinloch, and R. J. Young, “Mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites,” Progress in Materials Science, 2017, 90: 75–127.
G. B. McGaughey, M. Georgia, and A. K. Rappe, “π-stacking interactions alive and well in proteins,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1998, 273(25): 15458–15463.
B. Song, D. Li, W. Qi, M. Elstner, C. Fan, and H. Fang, “Graphene on Au (111): a highly conductive material with excellent adsorption properties for high-resolution bio/nanodetection and identification,” ChemPhysChem, 2010, 11(3): 585–589.
A. Upadhyay, Y. K. Prajapati, and R. Tripathi, “Analytical study of planar waveguide sensor with a metamaterial guiding layer,” Photonic Sensors, 2017, 7(4): 377–384.
S. X. Xia, X. Zhai, Y. Huang, J. Q. Liu, L. L. Wang, and S. C. Wen, “Graphene surface plasmons with dielectric metasurface,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2017, 35(20): 4553–4558.
S. X. Xia, X. Zhai, L. L. Wang, and S. C. Wen, “Plasmonically induced transparency in double-layered graphene nanoribbons,” Photonics Research, 2018, 6(7): 692–702.
L. Dieguez, N. Darwish, M. Mir, E. Martinez, M. Moreno, and J. Samitier, “Effect of the refractive index of buffer solutions in evanescent optical biosensors,” Sensor Letters, 2009, 7(5): 851–855.
R. J. Doyle and M. Rosenberg, Microbial cell surface hydrophobicity. Washington: American Society for Microbiology, 1990.
S. M. Notley, R. J. Crawford, and E. P. Ivanova, “Bacterial interaction with graphene particles and surfaces,” Electoral Studies, 2013, 25(2): 351–368.
R. Kumar, A. S. Kushwaha, M. Srivastava, H. Mishra, and S. K. Srivastava, “Enhancement in sensitivity of graphene-based zinc oxide assisted bimetallic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor,” Applied Physics A, 2018, 124(3): 235.
S. Pal, A. Verma, S. Raikwar, Y. K. Prajapati, and J. P. Saini, “Detection of DNA hybridization using graphene-coated black phosphorus surface plasmon resonance sensor,” Applied Physics A, 2018, 124(5): 394.
Y. F. Kitagawa, T. Takahashi, and H. Hayashi, “Relationship between the refractive index and specific gravity of the rat urine,” Experimental Animals, 1981, 30(3): 307–311.
P. K. Maharana, R. Jha, and S. Palei, “Sensitivity enhancement by air mediated graphene multilayer based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for near infrared,” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014, 190: 494–501.
A. K. Sharma, R. Jha, and B. D. Gupta, “Fiber-optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance: a comprehensive review,” IEEE Sensors Journal, 2007, 7(8): 1118–1129.
A. Shalabney and I. Abdulhalim, “Electromagnetic fields distribution in multilayer thin film structures and the origin of sensitivity enhancement in surface plasmon resonance sensors,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2010, 159(1): 24–32.
I. Pockrand, “Surface plasma oscillations at silver surfaces with thin transparent and absorbing coatings,” Surface Science, 1978, 72(3): 577–588.
A. Verma, A. Prakash, and R. Tripathi. “Sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance biosensor using graphene and air gap,” Optics Communications, 2015, 357: 106–112.
S. Pal, Y. K. Prajapati, and J. P. Saini, “Influence of graphene’s chemical potential on SPR biosensor using ZnO for DNA hybridization,” Optical Review, 2020, 27(1): 57–64.
J. B. Maurya, Y. K. Prajapati, V. Singh, and J. P. Saini, “Sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensor based on graphene–MoS2 hybrid structure with TiO2-SiO2 composite layer,” Applied Physics A, 2015, 121(2): 525–533.
Acknowledgment
Surjeet Raikwar is thankful to Dr. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow (India) for providing Research Grant Homi Bhabha Teaching Assistant Fellowship.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Raikwar, S., Prajapati, Y.K., Srivastava, D.K. et al. Detection of Leptospirosis Bacteria in Rodent Urine by Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Using Graphene. Photonic Sens 11, 305–313 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-020-0587-2
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-020-0587-2