Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Outbreak of angular leaf spot, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, in a Queensland strawberry germplasm collection

  • Published:
Australasian Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Strawberry (Fragaria (×) ananassa) plants exhibiting leaf lesions consistent with angular leaf spot (ALS, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and King 1962) were identified in the Queensland strawberry germplasm at Bundeberg in May 2010. Water suspensions of bacterial ooze tested positive using a previously described primer set. However, the slow growth rate of X. fragariae and the presence of a fast-growing, non-pathogenic, undescribed Xanthomonas species presented problems that were overcome by dilution plating and DNA sequence analysis. Sequencing of the gyrB locus of putative colonies of X. fragariae indicated 100% sequence similarity to other X. fragariae isolates. A new set of diagnostic primers for X. fragariae based on the gyrB locus is presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barionovi D, Scortichini M (2006) Assessment of integron gene cassette arrays in strains of Xanthomonas fragariae and X. arboricola pvs. fragariae and pruni. J PlantPathol 88:279–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury JF (1986) Xanthomonas fragariae. In: Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International Mycological Institute: Kew, UK. pp. 250–251

  • Brody JR, Calhoun ES, Gallmeier E, Creavalle TD, Kern SE (2004) Ultra-fast high-resolution agarose electrophoresis of DNA and RNA using low-molarity conductive media. Biotechniques 37:598–602

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dowson WJ (1939) On the systematic position and generic names of the gram negative bacterial plant pathogens. Zentr Bakteriol Parasitenk Abt II 100:177–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs A, Armstrong J, Mackenzie AM, Weiller GF (1998) The GPRIME package: computer programs for identifying the best regions of aligned genes to target in nucleic acid hybridisation-based diagnostic tests, and their use with plant viruses. J Virol Meth 74:67–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillings MR, Fahy PC, Bradley J (1998) Identification of Xanthomonas fragariae, the cause of an outbreak of angular leaf spot on strawberry in South Australia, and comparison with the cause of previous outbreaks in New South Wales and New Zealand. Australas Plant Pathol 27:97–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillings MR, Holley MP, Stokes HW, Holmes AJ (2005) Integrons in Xanthomonas: a source of species genome diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102:4419–4424

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward AC (1960) A method for characterizing Pseudomonas solanacearum. Nature 186:4054–4056

    Google Scholar 

  • Janse JD, Rossi MP, Gorkink RFJ, Derks JHJ, Swings J, Janssens D, Scortichini M (2001) Bacterial leaf blight of strawberry (Fragaria (x) ananassa) caused by a pathovar of Xanthomonas arboricola, not similar to Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy & King. Description of the causal organism as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. fragariae (pv. nov., comb. nov.). Plant Pathol 50:653–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelman A (1954) The relationship of pathogenicity in Pseudomonas solanacearum to colony appearance on the tetrazolium medium. Phytopathology 44:693–695

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy BW, King TH (1962) Angular leaf spot of strawberry caused by Xanthomonas fragariae sp. nov. Phytopathology 52:873–875

    Google Scholar 

  • King EO, Ward MK, Raney DE (1954) Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescein. J Lab Clin Med 44:301–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koike H (1965) The aluminium-cap method for testing sugarcane varieties against leaf scald disease. Phytopathology 55:317–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane DJ (1991) 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In: Stackebrandt E, Goodfellow M (eds) Nucleic acid technologies in bacterial systematics. Wiley, London, pp 115–117

    Google Scholar 

  • McGechan JK, Fahy PC (1976) Angular leaf spot of strawberry, Xanthomonas fragariae: first record of its occurrence in Australia and attempts to eradicate the disease. Aust Plant Pathol Soc Newslett 5:57–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson N, Aritua V, Heeney J, Cowie C, Bew J, Stead D (2007) Phylogenetic analysis of Xanthomonas species by comparison of partial gyrase B gene sequences. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:2881–2887

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson N, Cowie C, Heeney J, Stead D (2009) Phylogenetic structure of Xanthomonas determined by comparison of gyrB sequences. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:264–274

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pooler MR, Ritchie DF, Hartung JS (1996) Genetic relationships among strains of Xanthomonas fragariae based on random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR data and generation of multiplexed PCR primers useful for the identification of this phytopathogen. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:3121–3127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts PD, Jones JB, Chandler CK, Stall RE, Berger RD (1996) Survival of Xanthomonas fragariae on strawberry in summer nurseries in Florida detected by specific primers and nested polymerase chain reaction. Plant Dis 80:1283–1288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scortichini M, Rossi MP (2003) Genetic diversity of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. fragariae strains and comparison with some other X. arboricola pathovars using repetitive PCR genomic fingerprinting. J Phytopathol 151:113–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA (1980) Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 30:225–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stöger A, Barionovi D, Calzolari A, Gozzi R, Ruppitsch W, Scortichini M (2008) Genetic variability of Xanthomonas fragariae strains obtained from field outbreaks and culture collections as revealed by repetitive-sequence and AFLP. J PlantPathol 90:469–473

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24:4876–4882

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vauterin L, Yang P, Alvarez A, Takikawa Y, Roth DA, Vidaver AK, Stall RE, Kersters K, Swings J (1996) Identification of non-pathogenic Xanthomonas strains associated with plants. Syst Appl Microbiol 19:96–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EE, Zeitoun FM, Fredrickson DL (1967) Bacterial phloem canker, a new disease of Persian walnut trees. Phytopathology 57:618–621

    Google Scholar 

  • Young JM, Dye DW, Bradbury JF, Panagopoulos CG, Robbs CF (1978) A proposed nomenclature and classification for plant pathogenic bacteria. NZ J Agric Res 21:153–177

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge Biosecurity Queensland for operational funding and Dr. Suzy Perry for logistical support, Dr. Jo Luck and Ramez Aldaoud (Victoria DPI) for discussion, Dr. Michael Priest (NSW I&I, Orange), for supplying deactivated cultures of the previous Australian incursions, as well as Natalia Peres and Teresa Seijo (University of Florida, USA), for supplying reference DNA for comparative purposes. We would also like to thank Stephanie Villiers and Julie Harris for critically reviewing the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI), Plant Pathology, Agri-Sciences, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 46, Brisbane, 4001, Queensland, Australia

    Anthony J. Young, Thomas S. Marney & Paul R. Campbell

  2. DEEDI, Maroochy Research Station, S.C.M.C., Box 5083, Nambour, 4560, Queensland, Australia

    Mark Herrington, Don Hutton & Apollo O. Gomez

  3. Old Murrayville Road, Ashby, 2463, New South Wales, Australia

    Adam Villiers

  4. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, 4102, Queensland, Australia

    Andrew D. W. Geering

Authors
  1. Anthony J. Young
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Thomas S. Marney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mark Herrington
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Don Hutton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Apollo O. Gomez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Adam Villiers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Paul R. Campbell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Andrew D. W. Geering
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anthony J. Young.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Young, A.J., Marney, T.S., Herrington, M. et al. Outbreak of angular leaf spot, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, in a Queensland strawberry germplasm collection. Australasian Plant Pathol. 40, 286–292 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-011-0045-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-011-0045-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation