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Dear Editor,
We would like to thank you for the opportunity to respond to the issues raised in the letter related to our publication [1] and to provide details of the methodology to address the concerns. In the letter, the author noted concerns about the cardiovascular (CV) outcome risk reduction value used for the semaglutide 0.50 mg profile. The author also requested clarification and disclosure of the references related to attribute levels.
The author is correct that the CV outcome risk reduction for the semaglutide 0.50 mg profile (26% versus placebo) was based on combined data for the 0.50 and 1.0 mg doses reported in the primary publication of SUSTAIN-6 by Marso et al. [2]. This was in accordance with the primary outcome of the study and to support noninferiority and superiority testing. As presented in the appendix of Marso et al., and noted in the letter, CV risk reduction was not significant for either dose independently (23% [p = 0.13] for semaglutide 0.50 mg and 29% [p = 0.06] for semaglutide 1.0 mg) [2], which was expected because the study was not powered or intended to assess the doses separately.
By contrast, providing the uncertainty (95% confidence intervals) around the predicted choice probability for the semaglutide 0.50 mg profile versus the dulaglutide 0.75 mg profile would have strengthened our conclusions and might have alleviated the author’s concern. Uncertainty around estimates from patient preference studies should be provided to help interpret results and inform patient-centered benefit–risk assessments [3]. The confidence interval around the predicted choice probability was small (78% [95% confidence interval, 74–82%]), supporting the conclusion that the large majority of participants preferred the semaglutide 0.50 mg profile.
To address the concern of the author about using a 26% CV risk reduction for the semaglutide 0.50 mg profile, we conducted an additional sensitivity analysis for the predicted choice probability. Using a 23% CV risk reduction, the predicted choice probability was 76% (95% confidence interval, 71–80%) in favor of the semaglutide 0.50 mg profile, which is close to the original value and supports the robustness and validity of our original conclusion.
Additional relevant data have been published since the discrete choice experiment was performed. SUSTAIN-7, a head-to-head randomized clinical trial, showed that hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight were reduced significantly more with semaglutide 0.50 mg than with dulaglutide 0.75 mg [4]. This was confirmed in a network meta-analysis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan [5]. The REWIND study showed that dulaglutide 1.5 mg reduces cardiovascular risk compared to placebo, although this dosage is still not currently approved in Japan.
Finally, to address the request for clarification and disclosure of the references related to attribute levels, we provide them as Table 1.
Respectfully,
Anne Brooks, BS
Jakob Langer, MS
Tommi Tervonen, PhD
Mads Peter Hemmingsen, MD
Kosei Eguchi, MD, PhD
Elizabeth Dansie Bacci, PhD
References
Brooks A, Langer J, Tervonen T, Hemmingsen MP, Eguchi K, Bacci ED. Patient preferences for GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in japan: a discrete choice experiment. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10:735–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-019-0591-9.
Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1834–44. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1607141.
Mott DJ, Chami N, Tervonen T. Reporting quality of marginal rates of substitution in discrete choice experiments that elicit patient preferences. Value Health. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.04.1831.
Pratley RE, Aroda VR, Lingvay I, et al. Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6:275–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30024-X.
Webb N, Orme M, Witkowski M, Nakanishi R, Langer J. A network meta-analysis comparing semaglutide once-weekly with other GLP-1 receptor agonists in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9:973–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-018-0397-1.
Seino Y, Terauchi Y, Osonoi T, et al. Safety and efficacy of semaglutide once weekly vs sitagliptin once daily, both as monotherapy in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20:378–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13082.
Miyagawa J, Odawara M, Takamura T, Iwamoto N, Takita Y, Imaoka T. Once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide is non-inferior to once-daily liraglutide and superior to placebo in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomized phase III study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015;17:974–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12534.
Acknowledgements
Funding
Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd. provided the funding for this study and the journal's Rapid Service Fee. Evidera received funding from Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd. to participate in the study and develop this letter. All authors had full access to all of the data in this study and take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis. No Rapid Service Fee was received by the journal for the publication of this article.
Medical Writing Assistance
The authors would like to thank Philip Leventhal, PhD at Evidera for his assistance preparing this letter, which was funded by Novo Nordisk.
Authorship
All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published.
Disclosures
Jakob Langer is employed by Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd. Mads Peter Hemmingsen is employed by Novo Nordisk A/S. Kosei Eguchi is employed by Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd. Anne Brooks is employed by Evidera, which provides consulting and other research services to pharmaceutical, medical device, and related organizations. In this salaried position, Anne Brooks works with a variety of companies and organizations and is precluded from receiving payment or honoraria directly from these organizations for services rendered. Tommi Tervonen is employed by Evidera, which provides consulting and other research services to pharmaceutical, medical device, and related organizations. In this salaried position, Tommi Tervonen works with a variety of companies and organizations, and is precluded from receiving payment or honoraria directly from these organizations for services rendered. Elizabeth Dansie Bacci is employed by Evidera, which provides consulting and other research services to pharmaceutical, medical device, and related organizations. In this salaried position, Elizabeth Dansie Bacci works with a variety of companies and organizations and is precluded from receiving payment or honoraria directly from these organizations for services rendered.
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This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
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Brooks, A.B., Langer, J., Tervonen, T. et al. Response to “Letter to the Editor Regarding: Patient Preferences for Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan: A Discrete Choice Experiment”. Diabetes Ther 11, 2443–2446 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00900-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00900-3