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Predicting the export and concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in boreal lakes by catchment characteristics and land use: A practical approach

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Abstract

The majority of C, N and P in boreal lakes are in organic form. Organically bound nutrients are released through biodegradation or photodegradation which affects the water quality, eutrophication and greenhouse gas emissions of lakes. We tested whether open land-use data combined with land-use-specific export coefficients can be used to predict total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) loading and lake water concentrations. Using data from 12 lake catchments in eastern Finland, we found that land use and management of the catchment explained a substantial proportion of the variations in TOC (r 2 = 0.78), DON (r 2 = 0.55) and DOP (r 2 = 0.80) concentrations between lakes. The computation does not account for in-lake processes, which are reflected as mismatch between the predicted and observed concentrations. However, this simple practical approach is useful in ranking lakes according to their water quality. The results indicated that natural sources dominate TOC, DON and DOP exports; the background leachings accounted for 57–99 %, 48–96 % and 55–99 % of TOC, DON and DOP export, respectively. The proposed method has promise as a practical decision support tool for assessing the impacts of land use on water quality. The results showed that possibilities to control TOC, DON and DOP loading to surface waters are limited to catchments where the peatland proportion is low and anthropogenic sources significant.

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Acknowledgments

This study is a part of the TERLA project (Nos. 263429 and 292902) supported by the AKVA programme of the Academy of Finland. We thank agricultural secretaries of the municipalities, the staff of the regional Centre for Economic development, Transport and the Environment, and Ms. Anne Nylander from the Natural Resources Institute for help with data collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Marjo Palviainen

  2. Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), P.O. Box 68, 80101, Joensuu, Finland

    Ari Laurén & Sirpa Piirainen

  3. Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), P.O. Box 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland

    Samuli Launiainen

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  1. Marjo Palviainen
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Palviainen, M., Laurén, A., Launiainen, S. et al. Predicting the export and concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in boreal lakes by catchment characteristics and land use: A practical approach. Ambio 45, 933–945 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0789-2

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