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New insight of exercise on dementia; combinatory effects of physical and cognitive exercise

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Abstract

Background

Dementia is a progressive neurological disorder which is clinically characterized by memory loss, behavioral symptoms, and loss of ability to live a normal life. Dementia patients may have to cope with permanent and irreversible symptoms.

Purpose of Review

Although a new drug for dementia with beta-amyloid-removal function has recently received FDA approval, the effect of delaying the progression of dementia is still insignificant, but the cost is expensive. On the other hand, studies on the effects of exercise in dementia have implied that the incidence of dementia or cognitive decline could be efficiently controlled by exercise.

Recent Findings

The cognitive neuroprotective effect of exercise was supported by cross-sectional studies in which physically fit seniors showed larger hippocampal or gray matter volumes than unfit seniors. In addition, multiple animal studies demonstrate that exercise promotes neuroplasticity through induction of neurotropic factors, with improved outcomes on cognitive functions.

Conclusion

In this review, we discuss the effects of conventional mode of physical exercise, cognitive (neuromuscular) exercise, and combined exercise in the prevention of dementia, and highlight the prospects for new exercise programs using digital technology that are being recently developed to reduce cognitive decline. Exercise should be importantly considered as a non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy for cognitive decline and dementia.

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Data availability

The datasets used during the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Hong’s Lab members for reviewing this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded (NRF-2020S1A5B5A17090342) to H.J. Cha and the National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) grant from the Korean government (MIST) (CAP21023-000) to J.H. Park.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Youngsan University, Yangsan, South Korea

    Hyo-Jeong Cha

  2. Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, South Korea

    Jun Hong Park

  3. University of Science and Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon, South Korea

    Jun Hong Park

  4. Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea

    Changwan Hong

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  1. Hyo-Jeong Cha
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  2. Jun Hong Park
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Contributions

Conceptualization: H.J.C., J.H.P. and C.H.; writing—original draft preparation: H.J.C. and C.H.; writing—review and editing: H.J.C., J.H.P. and C.H.; funding acquisition: J.H.P. and H.J.C. We have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jun Hong Park or Changwan Hong.

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Hyo-Jeong Cha declares that she has no conflict of interest. Jun Hong Park declares that he has no conflict of interest. Changwan Hong declares that he has no conflict of interest. All the authors approved the manuscript.

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Cha, HJ., Park, J.H. & Hong, C. New insight of exercise on dementia; combinatory effects of physical and cognitive exercise. Mol. Cell. Toxicol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-024-00440-y

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