Abstract
Background
Tolylfluanid is a phenylsulfamide fungicide used to mitigate enormous losses in agriculture and coastal industries. Previous studies have reported that exposure to tolylfluanid causes metabolic dysfunction, such as fat accumulation. Additionally, exposure to tolylfluanid used to be detected in strawberries at levels exceeding the maximum residue limit. However, no studies on early developmental toxicity in zebrafish models have been reported.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of tolylfluanid on the early stages of zebrafish development.
Results
At low tolylfluanid concentrations, survival rates, hatching rates, and yolk sac morphology remained unchanged. However, body length and eye size were slightly reduced compared to those of the control. In particular, olig2 transgenic zebrafish exposed to tolylfluanid exhibited impaired motor neuron formation, leading to reduced motor neuron length. Furthermore, tolylfluanid decreased liver size in fabp10a transgenic zebrafish larvae, inducing liver-specific red fluorescence. However, tolylfluanid exposure did not affect the vasculature of zebrafish embryos in the fli1a:eGFP transgenic model.
Conclusion
Tolylfluanid disrupts organogenesis, particularly in motor neurons and the liver, during early development in zebrafish. Additionally, the results provide reference points for the concentration conditions that can be used in aquatic ecosystems.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (Grant No. 2021R1A2C2005841). This research was also supported by Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 2019R1A6A1A10073079).
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TH: methodology, validation, investigation, data curation, visualization, and writing—original draft; HP: methodology, validation, and investigation; GS: conceptualization, validation, writing—review & editing, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition; WL: conceptualization, methodology, validation, writing—review & editing, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition.
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Taeyeon Hong declares that she has no conflict of interest. Hahyun Park declares that she has no conflict of interest. Gwonhwa Song declares that he has no conflict of interest. Whasun Lim declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All the experimental procedures for animal study were performed in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Sungkyunkwan University (Approval No. SKKUIACUC2023-04-05-1).
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Hong, T., Park, H., Song, G. et al. Tolylfluanid induces developmental toxicity via liver dysfunction in zebrafish embryos. Mol. Cell. Toxicol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-024-00436-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-024-00436-8