Abstract
The state of the art of aircraft ground-handling operations at airports is analysed. The overall automation of these activities is addressed and the main challenges to be overcome to build safe and efficient-automated ground-handling systems are identified. The most promising opportunity appears in the short term with docking of ground support equipment to aircraft, then with further autonomous vehicles moving around the aircraft and later with new automated systems within the aircraft. A concept for automated vehicles operation around the aircraft is also presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
E.g. EU ground handling directive: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A31996L0067.
References
Aircraft Characteristics or Airport Planning Manuals: Airbus: http://www.airbus.com/aircraft/support-services/airport-operations-and-technical-data/aircraft-characteristics.html. Boeing: http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.page. Bombardier: https://eservices.aero.bombardier.com/wps/portal/eServices/Public/AirportEmergencyPublication/. Embraer:http://www.embraercommercialjets.com/Pages/Apms.aspx (2017). Accessed April 2017
INTERACTION EU FP7 project; http://www.interaction-aero.eu/Publications/PublicDeliverables.aspx. D2.1 General characterisation of airport processes and their interactions. D2.3 Identification of inefficiencies and needs for improvement. Accessed Apr 2017
Alonso Tabares, D., Mora-Camino, F.: Aircraft ground handling: analysis for automation. In: 17th AIAA aviation technology, integration and operations conference, Denver; June 5th–9th; paper 2017–3425 (2017)
ISO 6966-2: Aircraft ground equipment—basic requirements—part 2: safety requirements. https://www.iso.org/committee/46564/x/catalogue/p/1/u/0/w/0/d/0
Aircraft servicing points location: ISO 10842—Aircraft Ground service connections—Locations and types; 2017. SAE ARP 4084—Aircraft Ground service connections—Locations and type (2012). https://www.iso.org/committee/46564/x/catalogue/p/1/u/0/w/0/d/0
Aircraft GSE interface requirements: ISO 7718-1. Interface requirements in vicinity of passenger doors (main deck doors). ISO 7718-2 Interface requirements in vicinity of passenger doors (upper deck doors)
Aircraft couplings and interface industry standards: ISO 45—Pressure Refuelling connection ISO 17775—Potable water, toilet flushing and drainage connections. ISO 461-2—Ground electrical supply connection. SAE AS 4262 and ISO 1034: Ground air conditioning connection. ISO 2026—Engines air start connection. SAE AS 1614 and ISO 8267-1: tow bar attachment fittings
Alonso Tabares, D.: Method for automatically piloting an aircraft on the ground and device for its implementation; US Patent 20170148333 (2017)
Alonso Tabares, D.: SAE AS 6896—aircraft markings for GSE alignment; SAE; Draft status. https://www.sae.org/standards/content/as6896/
Askin, A.G., Standridge, C.R.: Modeling and analysis of manufacturing systems. Wiley, Hoboken (1993)
Kolisch, R., Padman, R.: An integrated survey of deterministic project scheduling. Omega 29, 249–272 (2001)
Li, R.K.-Y., Willis, R.J.: Resource constrained scheduling within fixed project durations. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 44, 71–80 (1993)
Wu, N., Zhow, M.: Modeling and deadlock control of automated guided vehicle systems. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatr 9, 50–57 (2004)
Lengerke, O., González Acuña, H., Dutra, M.Suell, F. França, Mora-Camino, F.: Distributed control of job-shop systems via edge reversal dynamics for automated guided vehicles. IARIA 1, 102 (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alonso Tabares, D., Mora-Camino, F. Aircraft ground operations: steps towards automation. CEAS Aeronaut J 10, 965–974 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-019-00390-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-019-00390-5