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Gadolinium concentration analysis in brain phantom by X-ray fluorescence

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Abstract

We have measured the X-ray fluorescence from gadolinium as a function of concentration and position in tumors of different sizes and shapes in a head phantom. The gadolinium fluorescence was excited with a 36 GBq Am-241 source. The fluorescence signal was detected with a CdTe detector and a multi-channel analyzer. The fluorescence peak was clearly separated from the scattered X-rays. Concentrations of 5.62–78.63 mg/ml of Gd ion were used in 1, 2, and 3 cm diameter spherical tumors and a 2 × 4 cm oblate spheroid tumor. The data show trends approaching saturation for the highest concentrations, probably due to reabsorption in the tumor. A comparison of X-ray photographic imaging and densitometer measurements to determine concentration is also presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Musaed Almalki & Philip H. Butler

  2. Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Musaed Almalki

  3. Department of Nuclear Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Samir Abdul Majid

  4. Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Jacksonville State University, 700 Pelham Road North, Jacksonville, AL, 36265, USA

    Lou Reinisch

Authors
  1. Musaed Almalki
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  2. Samir Abdul Majid
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  3. Philip H. Butler
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  4. Lou Reinisch
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Correspondence to Lou Reinisch.

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Almalki, M., Majid, S.A., Butler, P.H. et al. Gadolinium concentration analysis in brain phantom by X-ray fluorescence. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 33, 185–191 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-010-0020-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-010-0020-x

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