Correction to: Protein Cell https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-021-00858-3

In legend of figure 1, this sentence “(C) 293THK cells were treated as in a” should be corrected as “(C) 293THK cells were treated as in (A)”.

In legend of figure 2, “E-64D (10 μmol/L)” in description of panel (B) should be removed.

In section “Metformin activates chaperone-mediated autophagy” of RESULTS, E-64D in sentence “Metformin-induced degradation of HK2 and PKM2 was blocked by lysosomal inhibitors (E-64D, Bafilomycin A1 and Leupeptin + NH4Cl)” should be removed.

The word “upon” in the sentence “Moreover, the activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus, as judged by GFAP staining, was also reduced upon following Metformin treatment (Fig. 6C)” should be removed.

The correct Fig. 2 is shown below.

Figure 2
figure 2

Metformin activates chaperone-mediated autophagy. (A) H4 cells were treated with 20 mmol/L Metformin for 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. (B) H4 cells were treated with 20 mmol/L Metformin with or without MG132 (10 μmol/L), Bafilomycin A1 (100 nmol/L), NH4Cl (20 mmol/L), Leupeptin (100 nmol/L), for 12 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. (C and D) H4 cells were transfected with indicated siRNAs (#1 and #2 represent two different sequences) for 48 h, treated with or without 20 mmol/L Metformin for another 12 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. (E) HEK293T cells were transfected with Hsc70-Flag for 24 h, treated with or without 20 mmol/L Metformin for another 6 h, the interaction between HK2, PKM2, and Hsc70 were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. (F) HEK293T cells were transfected with Lamp2a-Flag for 24 h, treated with or without 20 mmol/L Metformin for another 6 h, the interaction between HK2, PKM2, and Lamp2a were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. (G) H4 cells were treated with or without 20 mmol/L Metformin for 6 h, PLA assay for endogenous Hsc70 and PKM2 was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bar, 100 μm. (H) Quantification of the fluorescence intensity of Texas Red from (G) (data represents mean ± SD; ****P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA). (I) H4 cells were treated with or without 20 mmol/L Metformin for 6 h, PLA assay for endogenous Lamp2a and PKM2 was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bar, 100 μm. (J) Quantification of the fluorescence intensity of Texas Red from (I) (data represents mean ± SD; ****P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA)