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Symmetric Supercapacitor Application of Anhydrous Gel Electrolytes Comprising Doped Tetrazole Terminated Flexible Spacers

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Abstract

The current research aimed to produce anhydrous gel organic electrolytes with superior performance for high-temperature supercapacitor applications. Within this scope, anhydrous electrolytes were designed by the termination of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDE] with 5-aminotetrazole (AT). The BDE(AT]2 was further doped with phosphoric acid (PA] and l-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetra-fluoroborate (EMT, as an ionic liquid] at varied ratios. The structure of fabricated electrolytes was elucidated with various spectroscopic techniques, and thermal studies confirmed high thermal stabilities and low glass transition temperatures, suggesting that they could be used in a wide temperature range. Different supercapacitor systems, in combination with carbon-based electrodes and BDE(AT)2, BDE(AT)2-0.1EMT, and BDE(AT)2-PA-0.1EMT electrolytes, were constructed. The supercapacitor device in combination with BDE(AT)2-PA-0.1EMT electrolyte, showed the highest ionic conductivity value of 1.2×10−4 S cm−1. The electrode/electrolyte combination demonstrated a maximum specific capacitance (80.4 F g−1), the highest specific energy (2.91 Wh kg−1), and highly effective electrochemical reversibility (up to 2.250 cycles). The supercapacitor device illustrated a better performance at higher temperatures in terms of its specific capacitance value.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia

    Seyda T. Gunday & Ayhan Bozkurt

  2. Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia

    Emre Cevik & Hussein Sabit

  3. Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Main Campus, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia

    Ismail Anil & Omar Alagha

Authors
  1. Seyda T. Gunday
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  2. Emre Cevik
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  3. Ismail Anil
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  4. Omar Alagha
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  5. Hussein Sabit
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  6. Ayhan Bozkurt
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Correspondence to Ayhan Bozkurt.

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Supporting information

Information is available regarding 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectrum of the BDE(AT)2. The materials are available via the Internet at http://www.springer.com/13233.

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Acknowledgments: Authors are thankful to the Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IMRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA for the provision of infrastructural research support. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms. Fatimah Al-Fares for the laboratory assistance.

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Gunday, S.T., Cevik, E., Anil, I. et al. Symmetric Supercapacitor Application of Anhydrous Gel Electrolytes Comprising Doped Tetrazole Terminated Flexible Spacers. Macromol. Res. 28, 1074–1081 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-020-8150-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-020-8150-9

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