Abstract
Surface modification of montmorillonite (MMT) was done to improve the basal spacing using a column chromatography technique with quaternary long chain ammonium salt as an intercalent. An increase in d-spacing of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and found to increase from 16 to 22 Å. The d-spacing was maximal (22 Å) due to ion exchange column of sufficient length (35 cm) and diameter (5 cm), which provides maximum retention time for proper ion exchange between MMT and ion-exchange resin. OMMT: silicone nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending and then compounded and molded on two roll mill and compression molding machines, respectively. The amount of loading of OMMT was in the range of 2–10 wt%. The rubber chains were uniformly dispersed within and between the exfoliated OMMT plates. The extent of dispersion was measured using atomic force microscopy. The mechanical, thermal, and physical properties were studied. Increased amounts of OMMT loading showed increased silicone:OMMT nanocomposite properties compared to those of pristine silicone rubber due to OMMT exfoliation and uniform dispersion with good wet ability of the rubber chains.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. P. Giannelis, Adv. Mater., 8, 29 (1996).
G. Lagaly and T. J. Pinnavaia, Appl. Clay Sci., 15, 303 (1999).
V. K. Rana, A. K. Pandey, R. P. Singh, B. Kumar, S. Mishra, C.-S. Ha, Macromol. Res., 18, 713 (2010).
K. M. Park, J. K. Jung, K. D. Park, S. Y. Lee, and M. C. Lee, Macromol. Res., 16, 517 (2008).
V. K. Rana, O. S. Kushwaha, R. P. Singh, S. Mishra, C.-S. Ha, Macromol. Res., 18, 845 (2010).
M. Biswas and S. Sinha Ray, Polymer, 39, 6423 (1998).
E. P. Giannelis, R. Krishnamoorti, and E. Manias, Adv. Polym. Sci., 138, 108 (1999).
Y. Kojima, A. Usuki, M. Kawasumi, A. Okada, T. Kurauchi, and O. J. Lunigato, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 31, 983 (1993).
K. Jeong, W. Lee, J. Cha, C. R. Park, Y. W. Cho, and I. C. Kwon, Macromol. Res., 16, 57 (2008).
H. Jung, M. K. Jang, J. W. Nah, and Y. B. Kim, Macromol. Res., 17, 265 (2009).
E. Manias, A. Touny, L. Wu, K. Strawhecker, B. Lu, and T. C. Chung, Chem. Mater., 13, 3516, (2001).
R. Krishnamoorti and E. P. Giannelis, Macromolecules, 30, 4097 (1997).
M. Zanetti, S. Lomakin, and G. Camino, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 1, 279 (2000).
T. H. Kim, K. Kim, and G. H. Park, Macromol. Res., 17, 770 (2009).
M. Alexandre and P. Dubosis, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1, R–28, (2001).
N. Hasegawa, M. Kawasumi, M. Kato, A. Usuki, and A. Okada, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 67, 87 (1998).
L. Boogh, B. Pettersson, and J. A. E. Manson, Polymer, 40, 2249 (1999).
I. C. Um, T. H. Kim, H. Y. Kweon, C. S. Ki, and Y. H. Park, Macromol. Res., 17, 785 (2009).
B. K. G. Theng, Formation and Properties of Clay-Polymer Complexes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979.
M. Arroyo, M. A. Lopez-Machado, and B. Herrero, Polymer, 43, 3699 (2000).
Y. I. Jeong, D. H. Seo, D. G. Kim, C. Choi, M. K. Jang, J. W. Nah, and Y. Park, Macromol. Res., 17, 538 (2009).
E. Benavente, M. A. Santa Ana, F. Mendizabal, G. Gonzalez, Coord. Chem. Rev., 87, 224 (2002).
S. K. Srivastava, M. Pramanik, D. Palit, B. K. Mathur, A. K. Kar, B. K. Samantaray, H. Haeuseler, and W. Cordes, Chem. Mater., 13, 4342 (2001).
T. J. Pinnavaia, Science, 220, 365 (1983).
S. I. Jeong, Y. M. Lee, and H. Shin, Macromol. Res., 16, 567 (2008).
K. D. Min, W. H. Park, J. H. Youk, and Y. J. Kwak, Macromol. Res., 16, 626 (2008).
R. A. Vaia and E. P. Giannelis, Macromolecules, 30, 8000 (1997).
P. H. Nam, P. Maiti, M. Okamoto, T. Kotaka, N. Hasegawa, and A. Usuki, Polymer, 42, 9633 (2001).
M. Arroyo, M. A. Lopez-Manchado, and B. Herrero, Polymer, 44, 2447 (2003).
A. Usuki, A. Tukigase, and M. Kato, Polymer, 43, 2185 (2002).
L. Dewimille, B. Bresson, and L. Bokobza, Polymer, 46, 4135 (2005).
A. Tidjani and C. A. Wilkie, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 74, 33 (2001).
N. G. Shimpi and S. Mishra, Indian Patent 526/MUM/2009 (2009).
M. A. Lopez-Manchada, B. Herrero, and M. Arroyo, Polym. Int., 52, 1070 (2003).
Y. Kojima, A. Usuki, M. Kawasumi, A. Okada, T. Kurachi, and O. J. Kamigaito, Appl. Polym. Sci., 49, 1259 (1993).
J. H. Do, J. H. An, Y. S. Joun, D. J. Chung, and J. H. Kim, Macromol. Res., 16, 695 (2008).
T. Agag, T. Koga, and T. Takeichi, Polymer, 42, 3399 (2001).
M. D. Lincoln, A. R. Vaia, Z.-G. Wang, S. B. Hsiao, and R. Krishnamoorit, Polymer, 42, 9975 (2000).
S. Mishra and N. G. Shimpi, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 64, 744 (2005).
N. G. Shimpi and S. Mishra, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 98, 2563 (2005).
S. Mishra and N. G. Shimpi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104, 2018 (2007).
S. Mishra and N. G. Shimpi, J. Nanotechnol. Appl., 1, 18 (2006).
S. Mishra, S. S. Sonavane, and N. G. Shimpi, Appl. Clay Sci., 48, 997 (2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mishra, S., Shimpi, N.G. & Mali, A.D. Surface modification of montmorillonite (MMT) using column chromatography technique and its application in silicone rubber nanocomposites. Macromol. Res. 20, 44–50 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-012-0003-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-012-0003-8