Abstract
This paper provides outlines for Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae, Stromatonectriaceae and Xanthonectriaceae with taxonomic treatments. We provide up-to-date DNA sequence-based phylogenies including combined gene analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 for Hypocreales and accept 17 families. Three new families and 12 new species are introduced with descriptions and illustrations, while 13 new records and one new species combination are provided. Here we mainly detail the taxonomy of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae and Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. are introduced in this study based on phenotypic and molecular analyses. For each family we provide a list of accepted genera, the taxonomic history, morphological descriptions, taxonomic placement based on DNA sequence data and illustrate the type genus. Representatives of each family are illustrated based on the type herbarium material or fresh specimens where available, or provide relevant references. Notes on ecological and economic importance of the families are also given.
References
Abdel-Azeem AM, Abdel-Azeem MA, Darwish AG et al (2019) Fusarium: biodiversity, ecological significances, and industrial applications. Recent advancement in White biotechnology through fungi. Springer, Cham, pp 201–261
Abdel-Wahab MA, Bahkali AH, Jones EG et al (2016) Two new species of Kallichroma (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Saudi Arabian mangroves. Phytotaxa 260:66–74
Abdullah SK, Alutby SD (1999) Additions to coprophilous fungi og Iraq V: cleistothecial ascomycetes. Basra J Vet Res 18:81–86
Adikaram NK, Yakandawala DM (2020) A checklist of plant pathogenic fungi and Oomycota in Sri Lanka. Ceylon J Sci 49:93–123
Agustí-Brisach C, Cabral A, González-Domínguez E et al (2016) Characterization of Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria isolates associated with loquat decline in Spain, with description of Cylindrodendrum alicantinum sp. nov. Eur J Plant Pathol 145:103–118
Aiello D, Gusella G, Vitale A et al (2020) Cylindrocladiella peruviana and Pleiocarpon algeriense causing stem and crown rot on avocado (Persea americana). Eur J Plant Pathol 158:419–430
Aiello D, Polizzi G, Crous PW et al (2017) Pleiocarpon gen. nov. and a new species of Ilyonectria causing basal rot of Strelitzia reginae in Italy. IMA Fungus 8:65–76
Aigoun-Mouhous W, Elena G, Cabral A et al (2019) Characterization and pathogenicity of Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs associated with black foot disease in Algerian grapevine nurseries, with the description of Pleiocarpon algeriense sp. nov. Eur J Plant Pathol 154:887–901
Akulov A (2011) New and little known for Ukraine territory species of fungicolous fungi. I. Species of Calcarisporium, Gonatobotryum, Nematogonum and Sympodiophora (In Ukrainian). UBJ 68:244–253
Alfenas RF, Pereira OL, Ferreira MA et al (2013a) Calonectria metrosideri, a highly aggressive pathogen causing leaf blight, root rot, and wilt of Metrosideros spp. in Brazil. For Pathol 43:257–265
Alfenas RF, Pereira OL, Jorge VL et al (2013b) A new species of Calonectria causing leaf blight and cutting rot of three forest tree species in Brazil. Trop Plant Pathol 38:513–521
Alfieri Jr SA, Schoulties CL, El Gholl NE (1980) Nectriella (Kutilakesa) pironii, a pathogen of ornamental plants [Fungus]. In: Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society
Antonissen G, Martel A, Pasmans F et al (2014) The impact of Fusarium mycotoxins on human and animal host susceptibility to infectious diseases. Toxins 6:430–452
Anwar W, Ali S, Nawaz K et al (2018) Entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea as a biocontrol agent against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Biocontrol Sci Technol 28:750–760
Arnold GRW (1971) Über einige neue Taxa und Kombinationen der Sphaeriales. Z Pilzkd 37:187–198
Arrigo KR (2005) Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles. Nature 437:349–355
Ashrafi S, Helaly S, Schroers HJ et al (2017) Ijuhya vitellina sp. Nov., a novel source for chaetoglobosin A, is a destructive parasite of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi. PLoS ONE 12:e0180032
Atkinson GF (1905) Life history of Hypocrea alutacea. Bot Gaz 40:401–417
Back CG, Kim YH, Jo WS et al (2010) Cobweb disease on Agaricus bisporus caused by Cladobotryum mycophilum in Korea. J Gen Plant Pathol 76:232–235
Barnett HL (1958) A new Calcarisporium parasitic on other fungi. Mycologia 50:497–500
Barr ME (1990) Prodromus to nonlichenized, pyrenomycetous members of class Hymenoascomycetes. Mycotaxon 39:43–184
Barron GL (1968) The genera of hyphomycefes from soil. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
Benny GL, Kimbrough JW (1980) A synopsis of the orders and families of Plectomycetes with keys to genera. Mycotaxon 12:1–91
Berger F, Zimmermann E, von Brackel W (2021) Species of Pronectria (Bionectriaceae) and Xenonectriella (Nectriaceae) growing on foliose Physciaceae, with a key of the European species. Herzogia 33:473–493
Berlese AN, Voglino P (1886) Sylloge fungorum. Additamenta ad Volumina I-IV. pp1–484
Bessey EA (1950) Morphology and taxonomy of fungi. Blakiston Co., Philadelphi, pp 791
Bilanenko E, Sorokin D, Ivanova M et al (2005) Heleococcum alkalinum, a new alkali-tolerant ascomycete from saline soda soils. Mycotaxon 91:497–507
Bischoff KM, Wicklow DT, Jordan DB et al (2009) Extracellular hemicellulolytic enzymes from the maize endophyte Acremonium zeae. Curr Microbiol 58:499–503
Bissett J, Szakacs G, Nolan CA et al (2003) New species of Trichoderma from Asia. Can J Bot 81:570–586
Blackwell M (1994) Minute mycological mysteries: the influence of arthropods on the lives of fungi. Mycologia 86:1–17
Boedijn KB (1964) The genus Thuemenella with remarks on Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae. Persoonia 3:1–7
Booth C (1959) Studies of pyrenomycetes. IV. Nectria. Mycol Pap 73:1–115
Booth C (1971) The genus Fusarium, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, pp 1–237
Brayford D, Honda BM, Mantiri FR et al (2004) Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon: the Nectria mammoidea group and species lacking microconidia. Mycologia 96:572–597
Cai F, Druzhinina IS (2021) In honor of John Bissett: authoritative guidelines on molecular identification of Trichoderma. Fungal Divers 107:1–69
Carbone I, Kohn LM (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91:553–556
Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Sung GH et al (2004) Multigene phylogeny reveals new lineage for Stachybotrys chartarum, the indoor air fungus. Mycol Res 108:864–872
Chabelska-Frydman C (1964) A new species of Fusariella from Israel. Can J Bot 42:1485–1488
Chaiwan N, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Wanasinghe DN et al (2020) First sexual morph record of Sarcopodium vanillae. Mycotaxon 134:707–717
Chakraborty P, Thangaraman V, Thangamani S et al (2016) Bioactivity of Hypomyces chrysospermus methanol extract. Res J Pharm Technol 9:157–161
Chamberlain HL, Rossman AY, Stewart EL et al (2004) The stipitate species of Hypocrea (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) including Podostroma. Karstenia 44:1–24
Chaverri P, Salgado C, Hirooka Y et al (2011) Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs. Stud Mycol 68:57–78
Chaverri P, Samuels GJ (2003) Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): Species with green ascospores. Stud Mycol 48:1–116
Chehri K (2017) Molecular identification of entomopathogenic Fusarium species associated with Tribolium species in stored grains. J Invertebr Pathol 144:1–6
Chen S, Lombard L, Roux J et al (2011) Novel species of Calonectria associated with Eucalyptus leaf blight in Southeast China. Persoonia 26:1–2
Cheng JT, Cao F, Chen XA et al (2020) Genomic and transcriptomic survey of an endophytic fungus Calcarisporium arbuscula NRRL 3705 and potential overview of its secondary metabolites. BMC Genom 21:1–3
Chet I, Inbar J (1994) Biological control of fungal pathogens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 48:37–43
Chethana KW, Manawasinghe IS, Hurdeal VG et al (2021) What are fungal species and how to delineate them? Fungal Divers 109:1–25
Choi GJ, Kim JC, Jang KS et al (2009) Biocontrol activity of Acremonium strictum BCP against Botrytis diseases. Plant Pathol J 25:165–171
Clements FE, Shear CL (1931) The genera of fungi. 496 p., 58 pl. H. W. Wilson Co., New York
Cleveland M, Lafond M, Xia FR et al (2021) Two Fusarium copper radical oxidases with high activity on aryl alcohols. Biotechnol Biofuels 14:1–9
Corda ACJ (1839) Pracht—flora. Europaeischer Schimmel-Bildungen
Corke AT, Hunter T (1979) Biocontrol of Nectria galligena infection of pruning wounds on apple shoots. J Hortic Sci 54:47–55
Cota LV, Maffia LA, Mizubuti ES et al (2008) Biological control of strawberry gray mold by Clonostachys rosea under field conditions. Biol Control 46:515–522
Crespo M, Lawrence DP, Nouri MT et al (2019) Characterization of Fusarium and Neocosmospora species associated with crown rot and stem canker of pistachio rootstocks in California. Plant Dis 103:1931–1739
Crous P, Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M et al (2021) Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Stud Mycol 98:100116
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Risede J-M et al (2004) Calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs: species with sphaeropedunculate vesicles. Stud Mycol 50:415–430
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Risède J-M et al (2006) Calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs: species with clavate vesicles. Stud Mycol 55:213–226
Crous PW, Schumacher RK, Wingfield MJ et al (2015a) Fungal systematics and evolution: FUSE 1. Sydowia 67:81–118
Crous PW, Shivas RG, Quaedvlieg W et al (2014) Fungal planet description sheets: 214–280. Persoonia 32:184–306
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ (1993) A re-evaluation of Cylindrocladiella, and a comparison with morphologically similar genera. Mycol Res 97:433–448
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI et al (2016a) Fungal Planet description sheets: 469–557. Persoonia 37:218–403
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI et al (2018) Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784. Persoonia 40:240–393
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Le Roux JJ et al (2015b) Fungal Planet description sheets: 371–399. Persoonia 35:264–327
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Richardson DM et al (2016b) Fungal Planet description sheets: 400–468. Persoonia 36:316–458
Dann EK, Cooke AW, Forsberg LI et al (2012) Pathogenicity studies in avocado with three nectriaceous fungi, Calonectria ilicicola, Gliocladiopsis sp. and Ilyonectria liriodendri. Plant Pathol 61:896–902
Dayarathne MC, Jones EBG, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al (2020) Morpho-molecular characterization of microfungi associated with marine based habitats. Mycosphere 11:1–188
de Almeida MN, Guimarães VM, Bischoff KM et al (2011) Cellulases and hemicellulases from endophytic Acremonium species and its application on sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 165:594–610
De Hoog GS (1978) Notes on some fungicolous hyphomycetes and their relatives. Persoonia 10:33–81
De Notaris G (1844) Cenni sulla tribù dei Pirenomiceti sferiacei e descrizione di alcuni generi spettanti alla medesima. G Bot Ital 1:322–335
Decock C, Crous PW (1998) Curvicladium gen. nov., a new hyphomycete genus from French Guiana. Mycologia 90:276–281
Deighton FC, Pirozynski KA (1972) Microfungi V. More Hyperparasitic Hyphomycetes Mycol Pap 128:1–110
Dennis RWG (1960) British cup fungi and their allies. An introduction to the Ascomycetes. Bernard Quaritch Ltd., London
Dennis RWG (1968) British Ascomycetes. J. Cramer. Lehre, Germany 455
Dennis RWG (1978) British Ascomycetes, 3rd edn. J. Cramer, Vaduz, p 485
Desmazières JBHJ (1840) Notice sur quelques plantes cryptogames nouvelles découvertes en France, qui vont paraître en nature dans la collection publiée par l’auteur. Ann Sci Nat Bot 13:181–190
Di Lecce R, Bashiri S, Masi M et al (2021) Phytotoxic metabolites from Stilbocrea macrostoma, a fungal pathogen of Quercus brantii in Iran. Nat Prod Res 35:5857–5861
Diederich P, Lawrey JD, Ertz D (2018) The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 nonlichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa. Bryologist 121:340–425
Dighton J (1995) Nutrient cycling in different terrestrial ecosystems in relation to fungi. Can J Bot 73:1349–1360
Dikmen M, Öztürk SE, Cantürk Z et al (2020) Anticancer and antimetastatic activity of Hypomyces chrysospermus, a cosmopolitan parasite in different human cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 47:3765–37678
Dingley JM (1951a) The Hypocreales of New Zealand. I, Trans R Soc NZ 79:55–61
Dingley JM (1951b) The Hypocreales of New Zealand. II. Trans R Soc NZ 79:177–202
Dingley JM (1952a) The Hypocreales of New Zealand. III, The genus Hypocrca. Trans R Soc NZ 79:323–337
Dingley JM (1952b) The Hypocreales of New Zealand. IV, The genera Caloncctria, Gibberella, and Thyronectria. Trans R Soc NZ 79:403–411
Dingley JM (1953) The Hypocreales of New Zealand. V, The genera Cordyceps and Torrubiella. Trans R Soc NZ 81:329–343
Dingley JM (1954) The Hypocreales of New Zealand. VI, The genera Hypocrella, Barya, Claviceps and Podonectria. Trans R Soc NZ 81:489–499
Dingley JM (1956) The Hypocreales of New Zealand. VII, A revision of records and species in the Hypocreaceae. Trans R Soc NZ 83:643–662
Dissanayake AJ, Bhunjun CS, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al (2020) Applied aspects of methods to infer phylogenetic relationships amongst fungi. Mycosphere 11:2653–2677
Döbbeler P (1998) Ascomyceten auf der epiphyllen Radula flaccida (Hepaticae). Nova Hedwigia 66:325–373
Döbbeler P (2004) Bryocentria (Hypocreales), a new genus of bryophilous Ascomycetes. Mycol Prog 3:247–256
Döbbeler P (2007) Ascomycetes on Polytrichadelphus aristatus (Musci). Mycol Res 111:1406–1421
Döbbeler P (2010) Hyperepiphyllous, perianthicolous Hypocreales—highly specialized ascomycetes of the phyllosphere. Mycologia 102:404–417
Döbbeler P (2018) Hypocrealean hyperepiphyllous ascomycetes. Biochem Syst Ecol 34:187–225
Döbbeler P, Davison PG (2018) Frullania as a hotspot for hypocrealean ascomycetes: ten new species from Southeastern North America. Nova Hedwigia 209–256
Doi Y (1967) Revision of the Hypocreales with cultural observations. III. Three species of the genus Podostroma with Trichoderma or Trichoderma-like Conidial States. Trans Mycol Soc Japan 8:54–60
Doi Y (1977) Protocreopsis, a new genus of the Hypocreales. Kew Bulletin 551–555
Dumortier BCJ (1822) Commentationes Botanicae. C. Casterman-Dieu, Tournay, Belgium
Earle FS (1901) Fungi. In: Mohr, Charles. Plant life of Alabama. Contr US Natl Herb 6:148–263
Ehrenberg CG (1818) Sylvae mycologicae Berolinenses 1–32
Elad Y, Chet I, Katan J (1980) Trichoderma harzianum: A biocontrol agent effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 70:119–121
Ellis JB, Bartholomew E (1896) New Kansas fungi. Erythea 4:23–29
Ellis MB (1976) More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes 1–507
Eriksson OE (1993) Outline of the ascomycetes-1993. Syst Ascomycetum 12:51–257
Eriksson OE, Hawksworth DL (1990) Outline of the Ascomycetes-1989. Systema Ascomycetum 8:119–318
Etayo J (1998) Some hypocrealean lichenicolous fungi from Southwest Europe. Nova Hedwigia 499–509
Etayo J (2002) Aportación al conocimiento de los hongos liquenícolas de Colombia. Bibl Lichenol 84:1–154
Etayo J (2010) Hongos liquenícolas de Perú Homenaje a Rolf Santesson. Bull Soc Linn Provence 61:2–46
Etayo J, van den Boom PPG (2013) A first checklist of lichenicolous fungi from the Dominican Republic, including the description of a new species of Xenonectriella. Opuscula Philolichenum. Opusc Philolichenum 12:142–150
Evans HC (1971) Thermophilous fungi of coal spoil tips. I. Taxonomy. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 57:241–254
Ferreira FV, Musumeci MA (2021) Trichoderma as biological control agent: scope and prospects to improve efficacy. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 37:1–7
Flakus A, Etayo J, Miadlikowska J et al (2019) Biodiversity assessment of ascomycetes inhabiting Lobariella lichens in Andean cloud forests led to one new family, three new genera and 13 new species of lichenicolous fungi. Plant Fungal Syst 64:283–344
Fletcher JT, Jaffe B, Muthumeenakshi S et al (1995) Variations in isolates of Mycogone perniciosa and in disease symptoms in Agaricus bisporus. Plant Pathol 44:130–140
Forin N, Vizzini A, Nigris S et al (2020) Illuminating type collections of nectriaceous fungi in Saccardo’s fungarium. Persoonia 45:221–249
Freeman S, Minz D, Kolesnik I et al (2004) Trichoderma biocontrol of Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea and survival in strawberry. Eur J Plant Pathol 10:361–370
Fries E (1825) Systema orbis vegetabilis: Primas lineas novae constructionis periclitatur Elias Fries. e Typographia Academica
Fries EM (1849) Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae 2:259–572
Fröhlich J, Hyde KD (2000) Palm microfungi. Fungal Diversity Research Series 3, Fungal Divers
Fuckel KWGL (1863) Fungi Rhenani Exsiccati Fasc. I-IV. Hedwigia 2:132–136
Fuhlbohm MF, Tatnell JR, Ryley MJ (2007) Neocosmospora vasinfecta is pathogenic on peanut in Queensland. Australas Plant Dis Notes 2:3–4
Gams W (1971) Cephalosporium-artige schimmelpilze (Hyphomycetes). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart
Gams W (1983) Two species of mycoparasitic fungi. Sydowia 36:46–52
Gams W, Nirenberg HI, Seifert KA et al (1997) 1275) Proposal to conserve the name Fusarium sambucinum (Hyphomycetes. Taxon 46:111–1113
Gams W, O’Donnell K, Schroers H-J et al (1998) Generic classification of some more hyphomycetes with solitary conidia borne on phialides. Can J Bot 76:1570–1583
Garbowski L (1918) Les champignons parasites récueillie dans le gouvernement de Podolie (Russie) pendant l’été 1915. Bull Soc Mycol Fr 33:73–91
Gäumann E (1964) Die Pi1ze. Birkhauser, Basel, p 541
Geiser DM, Al-Hatmi A, Aoki T et al (2020) Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani species complex. Phytopathology 111:1064–1079
Geiser DM, Aoki T, Bacon CW et al (2013) One fungus, one name: defining the genus Fusarium in a scientifically robust way that preserves longstanding use. Phytopathology 103:400–408
Gerlach W, Nirenberg HI (1982) The genus Fusarium—a pictorial atlas Mitt Biol Bundesanst Land- Forstwirtsch 209:1–406
Glamočlija J, Soković M, Ljaljević-Grbić M et al (2008) Morphological characteristics and mycelial compatibilityof different Mycogone perniciosa isolates. J Microsc 232:489–492
González CD, Chaverri P (2017) Corinectria, a new genus to accommodate Neonectria fuckeliana and C. constricta sp. nov. from Pinus radiata in Chile. Mycol Prog 16:1015–1027
Gordillo A, Decock C (2019) Multigene phylogenetic and morphological evidence for seven new species of Aquanectria and Gliocladiopsis (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) from tropical areas. Mycologia 111:299–318
Goswami J, Pandey RK, Tewari JP et al (2008) Management of root knot nematode on tomato through application of fungal antagonists, Acremonium strictum and Trichoderma harzianum. J Environ Sci Health 43:237–240
Gouli V, Provost C, Gouli S et al (2013) Productivity of different species of entomopathogenic fungi based on one type of technology. J Agric Sci Technol 9:571–580
Gräfenhan T, Schroers HJ, Nirenberg HI et al (2011) An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella. Stud Mycol 68:79–113
Gray DJ, Morgan-Jones G (1980) Notes on hyphomycetes. XXXIV some mycoparasitic species. Mycotaxonomy 10:375–404
Groenewald JZ, Nakashima C, Nishikawa J et al (2013) Species concepts in Cercospora: spotting the weeds among the roses. Stud Mycol 75:115–170
Grum-Grzhimaylo AA, Georgieva ML, Debets AJ et al (2013) Are alkalitolerant fungi of the Emericellopsis lineage (Bionectriaceae) of marine origin? IMA Fungus 4:213–228
Guarnaccia V, Martino I, Brondino L et al (2022) Paraconiothyrium fuckelii, Diaporthe eres and Neocosmospora parceramosa causing cane blight of red raspberry in Northern Italy. J Plant Pathol 16:1–6
Guarnaccia V, Sandoval-Denis M, Aiello D et al (2018) Neocosmospora perseae sp. nov., causing trunk cankers on avocado in Italy. FUSE 1:131–140
Guu JR, Ju YM, Hsieh HJ (2007) Nectriaceous fungi collected from forests in Taiwan. Bot Studies 48:187–203
Guu JR, Ju YM, Hsieh HJ (2010) Bionectriaceous fungi collected from forests in Taiwan. Bot Stud 51:61–74
Hadziabdic D, Windham M, Baird R et al (2014) First report of Geosmithia morbida in North Carolina: the pathogen involved in thousand cankers disease of black walnut. Plant Dis 98:992
Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98
Hansford CG (1957) Australian fungi. IV. New species and revisions (cont’d). Proc Linnean Soc NSW 82:209–229
Harman GE (2011) Trichoderma—not just for biocontrol anymore. Phytoparasitica 39:103–108
Hausner G, Reid J (2004) The nuclear small subunit ribosomal genes of Sphaeronaemella helvellae, Sphaeronaemella fimicola, Gabarnaudia betae, and Cornuvesica falcata: phylogenetic implications. Can J Bot 82:752–762
Hayakawa S, Kondo E, Wakisaka Y et al (1975) Vertisporin, a new antibiotic from Verticimonosporium diffractum. J Antibiot 28:550–551
Hennings P (1904a) Fungi Africae orientalis III. Bot Jahrb Syst Pflanzengesch Pflanzengeogr 34:39–57
Hennings P (1904b) Fungi Amazonici a cl. Ernesto Ule Collecti II Hedwigia 43:242–273
Herrera CS, Rossman AY, Samuels GJ et al (2013) Revision of the genus Corallomycetella with Corallonectria gen. nov. for C. jatrophae (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales). Mycosystema 32:518–544
Hirooka Y, Kobayashi T, Ono T et al (2010) Verrucostoma, a new genus in the Bionectriaceae from the Bonin Islands, Japan. Mycologia 102:418–429
Hirooka Y, Rossman AY, Samuels GJ et al (2012) A monograph of Allantonectria, Nectria, and Pleonectria (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and their pycnidial, sporodochial, and synnematous anamorphs. Stud Mycol 71:1–210
Hirooka Y, Rossman AY, Zhuang WY et al (2013) Species delimitation for Neonectria coccinea group including the causal agents of beech bark disease in Asia, Europe, and North America. Mycosystema 32:485–517
Hobart C (2016) Battarrina inclusa-a rarely found fungus within a fungus. Field Mycol 17:16–18
von Höhnel F (1915) Fragmente zur Mykologie (XVII. Mitteilung, Nr. 876 bis 943). Sitz-Ber K Akad Wiss, Math-Naturwiss Kl, Wien 124:49–159
Hongsanan S, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD et al (2017) An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. Fungal Divers 84:25–41
Huang SK, Hyde KD, Mapook A et al (2021) Taxonomic studies of some often over-looked Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. Fungal Divers 111:443–572
Huang SK, Jeewon R, Hyde KD et al (2018) Novel Taxa within Nectriaceae: Cosmosporella gen. nov. and Aquanectria sp. nov. from Freshwater Habitats in China. Cryptogam Mycol 39:169–192
Hudson HJ (1961) Heliscus submersus sp. nov., an aquatic hyphomycete from Jamaica. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 44:91–94
Hue AG, Voldeng HD, Savard ME et al (2009) Biological control of fusarium head blight of wheat with Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941. Can J Plant Pathol 31:169–179
Hyde KD, Lee SY (1995) Ecology of mangrove fungi and their role in nutrient cycling: what gaps occur in our knowledge? Hydrobiologia 295:107–118
Hyde KD, Norphanphoun C, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al (2020) Refined families of Sordariomycetes. Mycosphere 11:305–1059
Ibrahim SR, Sirwi A, Eid BG et al (2021) Bright side of Fusarium oxysporum: secondary metabolites bioactivities and industrial relevance in biotechnology and nanotechnology. J Fungi 7:943
Index Fungorum (2022a) http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp
Ingold CT (1944) Some new aquatic hyphomycetes. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 27:35–47
Jaklitsch WM (2009) European species of Hypocrea Part I. The green-spored species. Stud Mycol 63:1–91
Jaklitsch WM, Samuels GJ, Dodd SL et al (2006) Hypocrea rufa/ Trichoderma viride: a reassessment, and description of five closely related species with and without warted conidia. Stud Mycol 56:135–177
Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H (2011) Stromatonectria gen. nov. and notes on Myrmaeciella. Mycologia 103:431–440
Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H (2013) New combinations in Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales). Mycotaxon 126:143–156
Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H (2014) Persistent hamathecial threads in the Nectriaceae, Hypocreales: Thyronectria revisited and re-instated. Persoonia 33:182–211
Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H (2015) Biodiversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) in Southern Europe and Macaronesia. Stud Mycol 80:1–87
Jayasiri SC, Hyde KD, Ariyawansa HA et al (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Divers 74:3–18
Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, de Farias AR et al (2021) What is a species in fungal plant pathogens? Fungal Divers 109:239–266
Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Jeewon R et al (2019a) One stop shop II: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 26–50 (2019). Fungal Divers 94:41–129
Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, McKenzie EH et al (2019b) One stop shop III: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 51–75 (2019). Fungal Divers 98:77–160
Jiang YL, Wu YM, Zhang ZG et al (2017) Drechslera, Fusariella, Coniochaeta, and Pyricularia spp. nov. from soil in China. Mycotaxon 132:627–634
Jones EBG (1965) Halonectria milfordensis gen. et sp. nov., a marine pyrenomycete on submerged wood. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 48:287–290
Jones EG, Devadatha B, Abdel-Wahab MA et al (2020) Phylogeny of new marine Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes from mangroves and deep-sea sediments. Bot Mar 63:155–181
Jørgensen C (1922) Heleococcum aurantiacum n. gen. et n. spec. Bot Tidsskr 37:417–420
Karsten PA (1871) Mycologia fennica. Finska Litteratur-sällskapets Tryckeri
Karsten PA (1873) Mycologia fennica. II. Pyrenomycetes. Bidr Kann Finl Nat Folk 23:251
Karsten PA (1876) Symbolae ad Mycologiam fennicam. III. Meddel. Soc Fauna Flora Fenn 1:55–59
Karsten PA (1892) Fragmenta mycologica XXXVIII. Hedwigia 31:292–296
Katoh K, Standley DM (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol Evol 30:772–780
Kaur R, Kaur J, Singh RS (2011) Nonpathogenic Fusarium as a biological control agent. Plant Pathol J 9:79–91
Khan RS, Krug JC (1989) A new species of Selinia. Mycologia 81:653–655
Khodosovtsev A, Vondrák J, Naumovich A et al (2012) Three new Pronectria species in terricolous and saxicolous microlichen communities (Bionectriaceae, Ascomycota). Nova Hedwigia 95:211
Khudych AS (2021) The first finding of rare fungus Stromatonectria caraganae (Höhn.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr from the territory of National Nature Park “Dvorichanskyi” (Ukraine) and the analysis of its current distribution. In: Proceedings of the IX International Scientific Conference "Actual problems of environmental research" (May 25–27, 2021, Sumy):132–134
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW et al (2008) Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi, 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford
Kirk PM, Sutton BC (1985) A reassessment of the anamorph genus Chaetopsina (Hyphomycetes). Trans Brit Mycol Soc 85:709–717
Kistler HC (1997) Genetic diversity in the plant-pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Phytopathology 87:474–479
Konishi Y, Shindo K (1997) Production of nigerose, nigerosyl glucose, and nigerosyl maltose by Acremonium sp. S4G13. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 61:439–442
Kouser S, Shah S (2013) Isolation and identification of Mycogone perniciosa, causing wet bubble disease in Agaricus bisporus cultivation in Kashmir. Afr J Agric Res 8:4804–4809
Krauss U, Ten Hoopen M, Rees R et al (2013) Mycoparasitism by Clonostachys byssicola and Clonostachys rosea on Trichoderma spp. from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and implication for the design of mixed biocontrol agents. Biol Control 67:317–327
Kreisel H (1969) Grunzüge eines natürlichen Systems der Pilze. J. Cramer. Lehre 1–245
Lechat C, Baral HO (2008) A new species of ljuhya on Equisetum hyemale and its Acremonium anamorph, with notes on Hydropisphaera arenula. Öst Z Pilzk 17:15–24
Lechat C, Courtecuisse R (2010) A new species of Ijuhya, I. antillana, from the French West Indies. Mycotaxonomy 113:443
Lechat C, Farr DF, Hirooka Y et al (2010) A new species of Hydropisphaera, H. bambusicola, is the sexual state of Gliomastix fusigera. Mycotaxon 111:95–102
Lechat C, Fournier J (2015) Varicosporella, a new aquatic genus in the Nectriaceae from France. Ascomycete.org 7:1–8
Lechat C, Fournier J (2016) Lasionectriella, a new genus in the Bionectriaceae, with two new species from France and Spain, L. herbicola and L. rubioi. Ascomycete.org 8:59–65
Lechat C, Fournier J (2016) Varicosporellopsis, a new aquatic genus from southern France. Ascomycete.org 8:96–100
Lechat C, Fournier J (2017a) Four new species of Ijuhya (Bionectriaceae) from Belgium, metropolitan France and French Guiana
Lechat C, Fournier J (2017b) Geejayessia montana Hypocreales, Nectriaceae, a new species from French Alps and Spain. Ascomycete.org 9:209–213
Lechat C, Fournier J (2019) New insights into Stilbocrea (Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae): recognition of S. colubrensis, a new species from Martinique (French West Indies), and observations on lifestyle and synnematous asexual morphs of S. gracilipes and S. macrostoma. Ascomycete.org 11:183–190
Lechat C, Fournier J (2019) Pleiocarpon gardiennetii (Nectriaceae), a new holomorphic species from French Guiana. Ascomycete.org 11:33–36
Lechat C, Fournier J (2019) Three new species of Ijuhya (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from metropolitan France, French Guiana and Spain, with notes on morphological characterization of Ijuhya and allied genera. Ascomycete.org 11:55–64
Lechat C, Fournier J (2019) Two new species of Chaetopsina (Nectriaceae) from Saül (French Guiana). Ascomycete.org 11:127–134
Lechat C, Fournier J (2020) Chaetopsina pnagiana (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), a new holomorphic species from Saül (French Guiana). Ascomycete.org 12:1–5
Lechat C, Fournier J (2020) Three new species of Hydropisphaera (Bionectriaceae) from Europe and French Guiana. Ascomycete.org 12:39–46
Lechat C, Fournier J (2021) Geejayessia ruscicola (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae), a new species on Ruscus aculeatus. Ascomycete.org 13:157–160
Lechat C, Fournier J, Hairaud M, Mombert A (2021) Two new species of Stylonectria (Nectriaceae) from the French Alps. Ascomycete.org 13:1–31
Lechat C, Fournier J, Moreau PA (2016a) Xanthonectria, a new genus for the nectrioid fungus Nectria pseudopeziza. Ascomycete.org 8:172–178
Lechat C, Fournier J, Priou J-P (2018) Chrysonectria, a new genus in the Nectriaceae with the new species C. finisterrensis from France. Ascomycete.org 10:121–125
Lechat C, Fournier J, Richter T (2016b) Protocreopsis caricicola Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae, the first species of Protocreopsis reported from a temperate area of the northern hemisphere. Ascomycete.org 8:30–32
Lechat C, Fournier J, Vega M et al (2018) Geonectria, a new genus in the Bionectriaceae from France. Ascomycete.org 10:81–85
Lechat C, Hairaud M (2012) A new species of Ijuhya, I. oenanthicola. Mycotaxonomy 119:249–253
Lechat C, Lesage-Meessen L, Favel A (2015) A new species of [i] Ijuhya, I. fournieri,[/i] from french Guiana. Ascomycete.org 7:101–104
Lechat C, Moreau P-A, Bender H (2019) Lasionectriopsis, a new genus in the Bionectriaceae, based on the new species L. germanica. Ascomycete.org 11:1–4
Lee SY, Park SJ, Lee JJ et al (2017) First report of fruit rot caused by Fusarium decemcellulare in apples in Korea. Kor J Mycol 45:54–62
Leong WF, Tan TK, Hyde KD et al (1990) Payosphaeria minuta gen. et sp. nov., an ascomycete on mangrove wood. Bot Mar 33:511–514
Leslie JF, Summerell BA, Bullock S (2006) The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, pp 1–388
Lian-chai S, Huang L, Ling-ling L et al (2022) Curvicladiella paphiopedili sp. nov. (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae), a new species of orchid (Paphiopedilum sp.) from Guizhou, China. Biodivers Data J 10:122
Liang ZQ, Liang JD, Chen WH et al (2016) Phenotypic polymorphism of the stilbellaceousentomogenous fungi in an ant nest of Ponera II. A cryptic new Tilachlidium species, Tilachlidium Poneraticum. Microbiol Chin 43:379–385
Lin CG, Chen Y, McKenzie EH et al (2016) The genus Fusariella. Mycol Prog 15:1313–1326
Lindau G (1897) Hypocreales. In: Engler HA, Prantl KAE (eds) Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, vol 1. Verlag W. Engelman, Leipzig, pp 343–372
Link HF (1809) Observationes in ordines plantarum naturales. Dissertatio I. Ges Naturf Freunde Berlin Mag 3:3–42
Liu HM, Zhang TY (2006) Two new species of Fusariella from soil in China. Mycosystema 25:513–515
Liu Q, Wan J, Zhang Y et al (2018) Biological characterization of the fungicolous fungus Calcarisporium cordycipiticola, a pathogen of Cordyceps militaris. Mycosystema 37:1054–1062
Liu Q, Xu Y, Zhang X et al (2021) Infection Process and Genome Assembly Provide Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanism of Destructive Mycoparasite Calcarisporium cordycipiticola with Host Specificity. J Fungi 7:918
Liu YJ, Whelen S, Hall BD (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerase II subunit. Mol Biol Evol 16:1799–1808
Lombard L, Crous PW (2012) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Gliocladiopsis. Persoonia 28:25–33
Lombard L, Houbraken J, Decock C et al (2016) Generic hyper-diversity in Stachybotriaceae. Persoonia 36:156–246
Lombard L, van Der Merwe A, Groenewald JZ et al. (2014) Lineages in Nectriaceae: re-evaluating the generic status of Ilyonectria and allied genera. Phytopathol Mediterr 515–532
Lombard L, Van der Merwe NA, Groenewald JZ et al (2015) Generic concepts in Nectriaceae. Stud Mycol 80:189–245
Lowen R (1990) New combinations in Pronectria. Mycotax 39:461–463
Lowen R (1991) A monograph of the genera Nectriella Nitschke and Pronectria Clements with reference to Charonectria, Cryptonectriella, Hydronectria and Pseudonectria (Doctoral dissertation, City University of New York).
Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM (2010) Myconet volume 14. Part one. Outline of Ascomycota—2009. Part two. Notes on Ascomycete Systematics Nos 4751–5113. Fieldiana Life Earth Sci 1:1–64
Lundquist N (1980) On the genus Pyxidiophora sensu lato (Pyrenomycetes). Bot Not 133:121–144
Luo J, Zhuang WY (2010) Chaetopsinectria (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), a new genus with Chaetopsina anamorphs. Mycologia 102:976–984
Luttrell ES (1951) Taxonomy of the Pyrenomycetes. Univ Mo Stud 24:1–120
Møller K, Jensen B, Andersen HP et al (2003) Biocontrol of Pythium tracheiphilum in Chinese cabbage by Clonostachys rosea under field conditions. Biocontrol Sci Technol 13:171–182
Ma LJ, Geiser DM, Proctor RH et al (2013) Fusarium pathogenomics. Annu Rev Microbiol 67:399–416
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Chen Y, Ariyawansa HA et al (2021) Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota. Fungal Divers 109:155–179
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG et al (2015) Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. Fungal Divers 72:199–301
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG et al (2016) Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Divers 79:1–317
Mains EB (1951) Entomogenous species of Hirsutella, Tilachlidium and Synnematium. Mycologia 43:691–718
Malloch D, Cain RF (1970) Five new genera in the new family Pseudeurotiaceae. Can J Bot 48:1815–1825
Marin-Felix Y, Hernández-Restrepo M, Iturrieta-González I et al (2019) Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3. Stud Mycol 94:1–24
Matsushima T (1971) Microfungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-New Guinea, pp 1–78
Matsushima T (1975) Icones microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. Nippon Printing Publishing Co., Osaka, pp 1–209
Matsushima T (1985) Matsushima mycological memoirs 4. Matsush Mycol Mem 4:1–68
Matsushima T (1987) Matsushima mycological memoirs 5. Matsush Mycol Mem 5:1–100
Matsushima T (1993) Matsushima mycological memoirs 7. Matsush Mycol Mem 7:75
Melo RF, Maia LC, Miller AN (2017) Coprophilous ascomycetes with passive ascospore liberation from Brazil. Phytotaxa 295:159–172
Miller JH (1928) Biologic studies in the Sphaeriales—I. Mycologia 20:187–213
Miller JH (1949) A revision of the classification of the Ascomycetes with special emphasis on the Pyrenomycetes. Mycologia 41:99–127
Miller MA, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: 2010 gateway computing environments workshop (GCE). IEEE, pp 1–8
Motiejūnaitė J (2017) Supplemented checklist of lichens and allied fungi of Lithuania. Bot Lith 23(2):89–106
Mouchacca J, Nicot J (1972) Les Fusariella des sols arides. Rev Mycol 37:168–182
Müller E, von Arx JA (1962) Die Gattungen der didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beitr Kryptfl Schweiz 11:1–922
Müller E, von Arx JA (1973) Pyrenomycetes: Meliolales, Coronophorales, Sphaeriales. In: The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, Vol IVA. A Taxonomic Review with Keys: Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti (Ainsworth, G. C., Sparrow, F. K. and Sussman, A. S., eds.), Academic Press, New York and London pp. 87−132.
Munk A (1957) Danish pyrenomycetes, a preliminary flora. Dan Bot Arkiv 17:1–491
Nalim FA, Samuels GJ, Wijesundera RL et al (2011) New species from the Fusarium solani species complex derived from perithecia and soil in the Old World tropics. Mycologia 103:1302–1330
Nannfeldt JA (1932) Studien über die Morphologie und Systematik der nicht-lichenisierten inoperculaten Discomyceten. Doctoral Dissertation, Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell
Nannfeldt JA (1936) Notes on type specimens of British inoperculate Discomycetes: First part, notes 1–50. Trans Br Mycol Soc 20:191–206
Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Marasas WFO (1983) Fusarium species: an illustrated manual for identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania, pp 1–193
Nhung NP, Thu PQ, Dell B et al (2018) First report of canker disease in Dalbergia tonkinensis caused by Fusarium lateritium and Fusarium decemcellulare. Australas Plant Pathol 47:317–323
Nirenberg HI, Samuels GJ (2000) Nectria and Fusarium. II. Cosmospora zealandica comb. nov. and its anamorph, Fusarium zealandicum sp. nov. Can J Bot 78:1482–1487
Nobre SA, Maffia LA, Mizubuti ES et al (2005) Selection of Clonostachys rosea isolates from Brazilian ecosystems effective in controlling Botrytis cinerea. Biol Control 34:132–143
O’Donnell K, Al-Hatmi AM, Aoki T et al (2020) No to Neocosmospora: phylogenomic and practical reasons for continued inclusion of the Fusarium solani species complex in the genus Fusarium. Msphere 5:e00810–e00820
O’Donnell K, Cigelnik E (1997) Two divergent intragenomic rDNAITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are nonorthologous. Mol Phylogenet Evol 7:103–116
O’Donnell K, Kistler HC, Cigelnik E et al (1998) Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus causing Panama disease of banana: concordant evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:2044–2049
Ogawa H, Yoshimura A, Sugiyama J (1997) Polyphyletic origins of species of the anamorphic genus Geosmithia and the relationships of the cleistothecial genera: evidence from 18S, 5S and 28S rDNA sequence analyses. Mycologia 89:756–771
Parmar FA, Patel JN, Upasani VN (2021) Screening of microorganisms for production of therapeutic enzymes. Screening 9:82–88
Pawłowska J, Istel Ł, Gorczak M et al (2017) Psychronectria hyperantarctica, gen. nov., comb. nov., epitypification and phylogenetic position of an Antarctic bryophilous ascomycete. Mycologia 109:601–607
Peitl DC, Sumida CH, Gonçalves RM et al (2020) Antagonism of saprobe fungi from semiarid areas of the Northeast of Brazil against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and biocontrol of soybean white mold. Semina Cienc Agrar 41:2597–2612
Pennycook SR, Kirk PM (2019) Sarcopodium flocculentum, the correct name for S. macalpinei. Mycotaxon 134:677–679
Pereira RM, Stimac JL (1997) Biocontrol options for urban pest ants. J Agric Urban Entomol 14:231–248
Perera RH, Hyde KD, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al (2020) Fungi on wild seeds and fruits. Mycosphere 11:2108–2480
Perera RH, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Bhat JD et al (2016) New species of Thozetella and Chaetosphaeria and new records of Chaetosphaeria and Tainosphaeria from Thailand. Mycosphere 7:1301–1321
Petch T (1917) Additions to Ceylon fungi. Ann Roy Bot Gard Peradeniya 6:195–256
Petch T (1938) British Hypocreales. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 21:243–305
Petch T (1944) Notes on entomogenous fungi. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 27:81–93
Plishka MJR, Tsuneda A, Currah RS (2009) Morphology and development of Nigrosabulum globosum, a cleistothecial coprophile of the Bionectriaceae (Hypocreales). Mycol Res 113:815–821
Põldmaa K (1997) Three new polyporicolous species of Hypomyces and their Cladobotryum anamorphs. Sydowia 49:80–93
Põldmaa K (2000) Generic delimitation of the fungicolous Hypocreaceae. Stud Mycol 45:83–94
Põldmaa K (2011) Tropical species of Cladobotryum and Hypomyces producing red pigments. Stud Mycol 68:1–34
Põldmaa K, Bills G, Lewis DP et al (2019) Taxonomy of the Sphaerostilbella broomeana-group (Hypocreales, Ascomycota). Mycol Prog 18:77–89
Pöldmaa K, Samuels GJ, Lodge DJ (2003) Three new polyporicolous species of Hypomyces and their Cladobotryum anamorphs. Sydowia 49:80–93
Pollack FG (1947) Two additions to the Fungi Imperfecti. Mycologia 39:617–621
Preuss CGT (1851) Übersicht untersuchter Pilze, besonders aus der Umgegend von Hoyerswerda. Linnaea 24:99–153
Poveda J (2021) Trichoderma as biocontrol agent against pests: new uses for a mycoparasite. Biol Control 159:104634
Prusa M (2018) Antimicrobial activity of the rare and novel fungi isolated from the high canopy of Borneo rain forest (Doctoral Dissertation, Wien)
Prylutskyi OV, Akulov OY, Leontyev DV et al (2017) Fungi and fungus-like organisms of Homilsha forests National Park, Ukraine. Mycotaxonomy 132:1–56
Ramaley AW (2005) Sulcatistroma nolinae (Calosphaeriales), and its Phialophora-like anamorph. Mycotaxonomy 93:139–144
Rambelli A (1956) Chaetopsina nuovo genere di ifali Demaziacei. Atti RAccad Delle Sci Dell’ist Bo 15:1–6
Ranalli ME, Mercuri OA (1995) The conidial state of Selinia pulchra (Ascomycotina, Hypocreales). Mycotaxon (USA)
Ranzoni FV (1956) The perfect stage of Flagellospora penicillioides. Am J Bot 43:13–17
Rao D, Rao R (1964) A new species of Calcarisporium Preuss, from India. Curr Sci 33:187–188
Rao NK, Manoharachary C, Goos RD (1988) Forest litter Hyphomycetes from Andhra Pradesh, India III. A new synnematous Hyphomycete. Mycologia 80:896–899
Rehm H (1898) Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Südamerika IV. Hypocreaceae. Hedwigia 37:189–201
Rehner SA, Samuels GJ (1994) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analysed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycol Res 98:625–634
Rehner SA, Samuels GJ (1995) Molecular systematics of the Hypocreales: a teleomorph gene phylogeny and the status of their anamorphs. Can J Bot 73:816–823
Riaz M, Akhtar N, Khan SN et al (2020) Neocosmospora rubicola: An unrecorded pathogen from Pakistan causing potato stem rot. SJA 36:906–912
Rogerson CT (1970) The hypocrealean fungi (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales). Mycologia 42:865–910
Rogerson CT, Samuels GJ (1992) New species of Hypocreales (Fungi, Ascomycetes). Brittonia 44:256–263
Rogerson CT, Samuels GJ (1993) Polyporicolous species of Hypomyces. Mycologia 85:213–772
Rogerson CT, Samuels GJ (1994) Agaricicolous species of Hypomyces. Mycologia 86:839–866
Rogerson CT, Simms HR (1971) A new species of Hypomyces on Helvella. Mycologia 63:416–421
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574
Rossman AY (1977) The Genus Ophionectria (Euascomycetes, Hypocreales). Mycologia 69:355–391
Rossman AY (1983) The phragmosporous species of Nectria and related genera (Calonectria, Ophionectria, Paranectria, Scoleconectria and Trichonectria). Mycol Pap 150:1–164
Rossman AY, Allen WC, Braun U et al (2016) Overlooked competing asexual and sexually typified generic names of Ascomycota with recommendations for their use or protection. IMA Fungus 7:289–308
Rossman AY, McKemy JM, Pardo-Schultheiss RA et al (2001) Molecular studies of the Bionectriaceae using large subunit rDNA sequences. Mycologia 93:100–110
Rossman AY, Samuels GJ, Rogerson CT et al (1999) Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Stud Mycol 42:1–248
Rossman AY, Seifert KA, Samuels GJ et al (2013) Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) proposed for acceptance or rejection. IMA Fungus 4:41–51
Roy RY, Rai B (1968) Fusariella indica sp. nov. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 51:333–333
Saccardo (1884) Miscellanea mycologica V. Atti dellIstituto Veneto Scienze 2:460–460
Saccardo PA (1878) Enumeratio Pyrenomycetum Hypocreaceorum hucusque cognitorum systemate carpologico dispositorum. Michelia 1:277–325
Saccardo PA (1883) Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum, vol 3, pp 1–959. Padova, Italy
Saksena SB (1954) A new genus of Moniliaceae. Mycologia 46:660–666
Salgado-Salazar C, Rossman AY, Chaverri P (2016) The genus Thelonectria (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and closely related species with cylindrocarpon-like asexual states. Fungal Divers 80:411–455
Samson RA (1974) Paecilomyces and some allied hyphomycetes. Stud Mycol 6:1–117
Samuels GJ (1976a) A revision of the fungi formerly classified as Nectria subgenus Hyphonectria. Mem New York Bot Gard 26:1–126
Samuels GJ (1976b) Perfect states of Acremonium the genera Nectria, Actiniopsis, Ijuhya, Neohenningsia, Ophiodictyon, and Peristomialis. N Z J Bot 14:231–260
Samuels GJ (1977) Nectria consors and its Volutella conidial state. Mycologia 69:255–262
Samuels GJ (1985) Four new species of Nectria and their Chaetopsina anamorph. Mycotaxon 22:13–32
Samuels GJ (1989) Nectria and Penicillifer. Mycologia 81:347–355
Samuels GJ, Blackwell M (2001) Pyrenomycetes—fungi with perithecia. Systematics and evolution. Springer, Berlin, pp 221–255
Samuels GJ, Lodge DJ (1996) Three species of Hypocrea with stipitate stromata and Trichoderma anamorphs. Mycologia 88:302–315
Sandoval-Denis M, Crous PW (2018) Removing chaos from confusion: assigning names to common human and animal pathogens in Neocosmospora. Persoonia 41:109–129
Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, Crous P (2019) Back to the roots: a reappraisal of Neocosmospora. Persoonia 43:90–185
Sathiyabama M, Balasubramanian R (2018) Protection of groundnut plants from rust disease by application of glucan isolated from a biocontrol agent Acremonium obclavatum. Int J Biol Macromol 116:316–319
Savary O, Coton M, Frisvad JC et al (2021) Unexpected Nectriaceae species diversity in cheese, description of Bisifusarium allantoides sp. nov., Bisifusarium penicilloides sp. nov., Longinectria gen. nov. lagenoides sp. nov. and Longinectria verticilliforme sp. nov. Mycosphere 12:1077–1100
Schroers HJ (2001) A monograph of Bionectria (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae) and its Clonostachys anamorphs. Stud Mycol 46:1–214
Schroers HJ, Gräfenhan T, Nirenberg HI et al (2011) A revision of Cyanonectria and Geejayessia gen. nov., and related species with Fusarium-like anamorphs. Stud Mycol 68:115–138
Schroers HJ, Samuels GJ, Gams W (1999a) Stephanonectria, a new genus of the Hypocreales (Bionectriaceae), and its sporodochial anamorph. Sydowia 51:114–126
Schroers HJ, Samuels GJ, Seifert KA et al (1999b) Classification of the mycoparasite Gliocladium roseum in Clonostachys as C. rosea, its relationship to Bionectria ochroleuca, and notes on other Gliocladium-like fungi. Mycologia 91:365–385
Seaver FJ (1909a) The Hypocreales of North America. I. Mycologia 1:41–76
Seaver FJ (1910a) The Hypocreales of North America. III. Mycologia 2:48–92
Seaver FJ (1910b) Hypocreales, North American. Flora 3:1–88
Seaver FJ (1911) The Hypocreales of North America IV. Mycologia 3:207–230
Seaver FJ (1909b) The Hypocreales of North America. II. Mycologia 1:177–207
Seifert KA (1985) A monograph of Stilbella and some allied hyphomycetes. Stud Mycol 27:1–235
Senanayake IC, Rathnayaka AR, Marasinghe DS et al (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: Collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11:2678–2754
Serrato-Diaz LM, Rivera-Vargas LI, Goenaga RJ et al (2011) Pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi associated with longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) in Puerto Rico. Phytopathology 101:S163
Snyder WC, Hansen HN (1945) The species concept in Fusarium with reference to Discolor and other sections. Am J Bot 32:657–666
Somrithipol S, Jones EBG (2006) Calcarisporium phaeopodium sp. nov., a new hyphomycete from Thailand. Sydowia 58:133–140
Spatafora JW, Blackwell M (1993) Molecular systematics of unitunicate perithecial ascomycetes: The Clavicipitales-Hypocreales connection. Mycologia 85:912–922
Species Fungorum (2022b) http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp
Spegazzini C (1902) Mycetes argentinenses (Series II). Anales Mus Nac Hist Nat Buenos Aires Ser 3(1):49–89
Stamatakis A (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22:2688–2690
Starbäck K (1899) Ascomyceten der ersten Regnell’schen Expedition. I. Bihang till K Svenska Vet Akad Handlingar 25:1–68
Subramanian CV (1971) Hyphomycetes. An account of Indian species, except Cercosporae. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi
Suh SO, Blackwell M (1999) Molecular phylogeny of the cleistothecial fungi placed in Cephalothecaceae and Pseudeurotiaceae. Mycologia 91:836–848
Summerbell RC, Gueidan C, Guarro J et al (2018) The Protean Acremonium. A. sclerotigenum/egyptiacum: revision, food contaminant, and human disease. Microorganisms 6:88
Summerbell RC, Gueidan C, Schroers HJ et al (2011) Acremonium phylogenetic overview and revision of Gliomastix, Trichothecium and Sarocladium. Stud Mycol 68:139–162
Sun JZ, Dong CH, Liu XZ et al (2016) Calcarisporium cordycipiticola sp. nov., an important fungal pathogen of Cordyceps militaris. Phytotaxa 268:135–144
Sun JZ, Liu XZ, Hyde KD et al (2017) Calcarisporium xylariicola sp. nov. and introduction of Calcarisporiaceae fam. nov. in Hypocreales. Mycol Prog 16:433–445
Sun JZ, Liu XZ, McKenzie EH et al (2019) Fungicolous fungi: terminology, diversity, distribution, evolution, and species checklist. Fungal Divers 95:337–430
Sun ZB, Li SD, Ren Q et al (2020) Biology and applications of Clonostachys rosea. J Appl Microbiol 129:486–495
Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung JM et al (2007) Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Stud Mycol 57:5–59
Sutton BC (1973) Hyphomycetes from Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. Mycol Pap 132:1–143
Sutton BC (1981) Sarcopodium and its synonyms. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 76:97–102
Sydow H, Mitter JH (1933) Fungi indici. I. Ann Mycol 31:84–97
Tadome K, Ohmura Y (2021) Two lichenicolous fungi, Illosporium carneum and Ovicuculispora parmeliae (Bionectriaceae, Ascomycota), New to Japan. Bull Natl Mus Nat Sci Ser B 47:21–25
Teetor-Barsch GH, Roberts DW (1983) Entomogenous Fusarium species. Mycopathologia 84:3–16
Tibpromma S, Hyde KD, McKenzie EH et al (2018) Fungal diversity notes 840–928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae. Fungal Divers 93:1–60
Tubaki K (1967) An undescribed species of Heleococcum from Japan. Trans Mycol Soc Japan 8:5–10
Tulasne L-R, Tulasne C (1860) De quelques Sphéries fongicoles, à propos d’un mémoire de M. Antoine de Bary sur les Nyctalis. Ann Sci Nat Bot 13:5–19
Tulasne LR, Tulasne C (1865) Selecta Fungorum Carpologia: Nectriei-Phacidiei-Pezizei. 3
Udagawa S (1980) Some new or noteworthy coprophilous Pyrenomycetes from South America. Trans Mycol Soc Japan 21:283–298
Udagawa SI, Uchiyama S, Kamiya S (1995) Two new species of Heleococcum with Acremonium anamorphs. Mycoscience 36:37–43
Valldosera M, Guarro J (1988) Coprophilous fungi from Spain IX Mycoarachis tetraspora sp. nov. Nova Hedwigia 47:231–234
Van Emden JH (1968) Penicillifer, a new genus of Hyphomycetes from soil. Acta Bot Neerl 17:54–58
Vicente LP, de la Parte EM, Pérez TC (2012) First report in Cuba of green point gall of cocoa cushion caused by Albonectria rigidiuscula (Fusarium decemcellulare). Fitosanidad 16:19–25
Vilgalys R, Hester M (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J Bacteriol Res 172:4238–4246
Voglmayr H, Jaklitsch WM (2019) Stilbocrea walteri sp. nov., an unusual species of Bionectriaceae. Mycol Prog 18:91–105
Voglmayr H, Polhorský A, Halasů V et al (2022) New species, combinations and records of Thyronectria, with a key to species. Mycol Prog 21:257–278
Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Kohlmeyer J (1993) Biogeographic observations on Pacific marine fungi. Mycologia 85:337–346
von Arx JA, Müller E (1954) Die Gattungen der amerosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beitr Kryptogamenfl Schweiz 11:1–434
von Arx JA, Müller E (1955) Ueber die Gattungen Selinia Karst. und Seliniella nov. gen. und ihre phylogenetische Bedeutung. Acta Bot Neerl 4:116–125
von Brackel W, Etayo J (2010) Pronectria collematis (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales), a new species on Collema from Germany and Spain. Lichenol 42:361–364
Wang M, Zhang LM, Liu XZ (2005) Verticimonosporium verticale sp. nov. from Jiangxi Province, China. Mycotaxonomy 92:197–200
Watling R, Richardson MJ (2010) Coprophilous fungi of the Falkland Islands. Edinb J Bot 67:399–423
Watson P (1955) Calcarisporium arbuscula living as an endophyte in apparently healthy sporophores of Russula and Lactarius. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 38:409–414
Weese J (1919) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Hypocreaceen (II. Mitteilung). Sitz-Ber K Akad Wiss. Math-Naturwiss Kl 128:693–754
White JF Jr, Sullivan MM, Patel R et al (2000) An overview of problems in the classification of plant-parasitic Clavicipitaceae. Stud Mycol 45:95–105
White TJ, Bruns TD, Lee S et al (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic, San Diego, pp 315–322
Whitton SR, McKenzie EH, Hyde KD (2012) The current understanding of fungi associated with Pandanaceae. In: Fungi associated with Pandanaceae, pp 1–10. Springer, Dordrecht
Wicklow DT, Poling SM (2009) Antimicrobial activity of pyrrocidines from Acremonium zeae against endophytes and pathogens of maize. Phytopathology 99:109–115
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Al-Ani LK et al (2020) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 11:1060–1456
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Dai DQ et al (2022) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021. Mycosphere 13:53–453
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Lumbsch HT et al (2018) Outline of Ascomycota: 2017. Fungal Divers 88:167–263
Winter G (1875) Hypocreopsis, ein neues Pyrenomyceten-Genus. Hedwigia 14:26–27
Woehrel ML, Light WH (2017) Mushrooms of the Georgia Piedmont and Southern Appalachians: a reference. University of Georgia Press, Athens
Wollenweber HW (1916) Fusaria Autographice Delineata. Berlin 1:1–509
Wollenweber HW (1926) Pyrenomyceten-Studien II Angew Bot 8:168–212
Wollenweber HW, Reinking OA (1935) Die Fusarien, ihre Beschreibung. Schadwirkung und Bekiimpfung, Paul Parey, Berlin
Wu YM, Geng YH, Zhang TY (2009) Soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. Mycosystema 28:652–655
Yang Q, Chen W-Y, Jiang N et al (2019) Nectria-related fungi causing dieback and canker diseases in China, with Neothyronectria citri sp. nov. described. MycoKeys 56:49–66
Yu FM, Jayawardena RS, Liu J et al (2020) Hypomyces pseudolactifluorum sp. nov. (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) on Russula sp. from Yunnan, PR China. Biodiversity 8:e53490
Yul L, Dzhagan VV, Nyshenko VV (2020) Selinia pulchra (G. Winter) Sacc. (Bionectriaceae, Ascomycota): a new genus and species record for Ukraine. Curr Res Environ Appl Mycol 10:26–33
Zeng ZQ, Zheng HD, Wang XC et al (2020) Ascomycetes from the Qilian Mountains, China-Hypocreales. MycoKeys 71:119–137
Zeng ZQ, Zhuang WY (2018) Two new species of Geejayessia (Hypocreales) from Asia as evidenced by morphology and multi-gene analyses. MycoKeys 42:7–19
Zhou Y, Diao C, Jia H et al (2018) Isolation and identification of the pathogen of Caragana arborescens (Amm.) Lam. branch blight. J For Eng 34:7–19
Zhuang WY, Nong Y, Luo J (2007) New species and new Chinese records of Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) from Hubei, China. Fungal Divers 24:347–357
Zhuang WY, Zeng ZQ (2017) Cocoonihabitus sinensis gen. et sp. nov. on remaining leaf veins of cocoons in a new family (Cocoonihabitaceae fam. nov.) of Hypocreales. Mycosystema 36:1591–1598
Zhurbenko MP (2014) Lichenicolous fungi from Far East of Russia. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 51:113–119
Zhurbenko MP, Laursen GA, Walker DA (2005) New and rare lichenicolous fungi and lichens from the North American Arctic. Mycotaxon 92:201–212
Zhurbenko MP, Vershinina SE (2014) Opegrapha bryoriae sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi from Asian Russia. Herzogia 27:93–109
Acknowledgements
The Research of Featured Microbial Resources and Diversity Investigation in Southwest Karst area (Project No. 2014FY120100) is thanked for financial support. Kevin D. Hyde acknowledges National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) grant, Total fungal diversity in a given forest area with implications towards species numbers, chemical diversity and biotechnology (Grant No. N42A650547). This work was also supported by the Princess Srinagarindra’s Centenary Celebrations Foundation (Grant No. 64316001) and Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) grant Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and Surrounding areas (Grant No. DBG6280009). Gareth Jones acknowledges the award of a Distinguished Scientist Fellowship (DSFP), King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Shaun Pennycook is immensely thanked for his essential nomenclatural review. Chamath Dinuka Perera, Marc Stadler, Mark A. Miller, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Milan Samarakoon, Vinodhini Thiyagaraja and Janith Vishvakeerthi are thanked for their support. Yuanpin Xiao is Thanked for observing and taking photos of herbarium specimen of Tilachlidium brachiatum. We would like to dedicate this work to Christian Lechat for his immense contribution to the field of mycology as an expert for the study of Hypocreales.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Handling Editor: R. Jeewon.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Perera, R.H., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G. et al. Profile of Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. Fungal Diversity 118, 95–271 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00512-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00512-1