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Exposing hidden diversity by concordant genealogies and morphology—a study of the Lactifluus volemus (Russulales) species complex in Sikkim Himalaya (India)

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Abstract

Although Sikkim belongs to one of the Global Biodiversity Hotspots, little is known about its ectomycorrhizal fungi, and even less about the main genera of Russulales, i.e. Lactarius, Lactifluus, Multifurca and Russula. Combining a multilocus genealogical and morphological study, we aimed to document the diversity within Lactifluus volemus sensu lato of Sikkim Himalaya. We compared nuclear ITS and LSU rDNA, nuclear rpb1 and rpb2 protein-coding, and mitochondrial atp6 protein-coding genealogies to determine species boundaries. Interspecific relationships were inferred from the combined dataset. Bayesian and maximum likelihood single-locus genealogies are concordant and support recognition of six species. Three of these could be identified by unique morphological characteristics and are described as new species: L. dissitus, L. leptomerus and L. versiformis.

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Acknowledgments

The first author is supported by the “Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds Ghent University” (BOF). The survey in Sikkim Himalaya was financially supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). We would like to express our gratitude to all who helped during the fieldwork: Sundar K. Rai, Pema Bhutia and his family. Help rendered by the Forest Department of Sikkim is also duly acknowledged. We would like to thank Heroen Verbruggen for providing the script for calculating MrBayes burn-in values and convergence times and the comments on the MrBayes analyses. Kenneth Bauters, Heroen Verbruggen and the UGent Helpdesk DICT are thanked for their help with the use of the High Performance Computer. The National Botanical Garden of Belgium is thanked for the use of the scanning electron microscope and in particular Myriam de Haan for taking the photographs. We also wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript.

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  1. Research group Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Kobeke Van de Putte, Jorinde Nuytinck & Annemieke Verbeken

  2. Botanical Survey of India, Sikkim Himalaya Regional Centre, P.O. Rajbhawan, Gangtok, 737103, Sikkim, India

    Kanad Das

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  1. Kobeke Van de Putte
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  2. Jorinde Nuytinck
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  4. Annemieke Verbeken
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Correspondence to Kobeke Van de Putte.

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Van de Putte, K., Nuytinck, J., Das, K. et al. Exposing hidden diversity by concordant genealogies and morphology—a study of the Lactifluus volemus (Russulales) species complex in Sikkim Himalaya (India). Fungal Diversity 55, 171–194 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0162-0

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