Abstract
Bacterial fermentation of lignocellulose has been regarded as a sustainable approach to butyric acid production. However, the yield of butyric acid is hindered by the conversion efficiency of hydrolysate xylose. A mesophilic alkaline-tolerant strain designated as Clostridium butyricum B10 was isolated by xylose fermentation with acetic and butyric acids as the principal liquid products. To enhance butyric acid production, performance of the strain in batch fermentation was evaluated with various temperatures (20–47 °C), initial pH (5.0–10.0), and xylose concentration (6–20 g/L). The results showed that the optimal temperature, initial pH, and xylose concentration for butyric acid production were 37 °C, 9.0, and 8.00 g/L, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the yield and specific yield of butyric acid reached about 2.58 g/L and 0.36 g/g xylose, respectively, with 75.00% butyric acid in the total volatile fatty acids. As renewable energy, hydrogen was also collected from the xylose fermentation with a yield of about 73.86 mmol/L. The kinetics of growth and product formation indicated that the maximal cell growth rate (μ m ) and the specific butyric acid yield were 0.1466 h−1 and 3.6274 g/g cell (dry weight), respectively. The better performance in xylose fermentation showed C. butyricum B10 a potential application in efficient butyric acid production from lignocellulose.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ai B, Li J, Chi X, Meng J, Liu C, Shi E (2014) Butyric acid fermentation of sodium hydroxide pretreated rice straw with undefined mixed culture. J Microbiol Biotechnol 24(5):629–638
An D, Li Q, Wang X, Yang H, Guo L (2014) Characterization on hydrogen production performance of a newly isolated Clostridium beijerinckii YA001 using xylose. Int J Hydrogen Energ 39(35):19928–19936
Angelidaki I, Sanders W (2004) Assessment of the anaerobic biodegradability of macropollutants. Rev Environ Sci Bio 3(2):117–129
Angenent LT, Karim K, AlDahhan MH, Wrenn BA, DomíguezEspinosam R (2004) Production of bioenergy and biochemicals from industrial and agricultural wastewater. Trends Biotechnol 22(9):477
Baroi GN, Baumann I, Westermann P, Gavala HN, Schnürer A, Verstraete W (2015) Butyric acid fermentation from pretreated and hydrolysed wheat straw by an adapted Clostridium tyrobutyricum strain. Microb Biotechnol 8(5):874
Da SL, Honorato TL, Cavalcante RS, Franco TT, Rodrigues S (2012) Effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity of Chitosanase produced under solid stated fermentation by Trichoderma spp. Indian J Microbiol 52(1):60–65
Forrest AK, Sierra R, Holtzapple MT (2010) Suitability of pineapple, Aloe vera, molasses, glycerol, and office paper as substrates in the MixAlco process™. Biomass Bioenergy 34(8):1195–1200
Fu H, Yang ST, Wang M, Wang J, Tang IC (2017) Butyric acid production from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates by engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum overexpressing xylose catabolism genes for glucose and xylose co-utilization. Bioresour Technol 234:389–396
González-Pajuelo M, Andrade JC, Vasconcelos I (2004) Production of 1,3-propanediol by Clostridium butyricum VPI 3266 using a synthetic medium and raw glycerol. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 31(9):442–446
Hahnke S, Striesow J, Elvert M, Mollar XP, Klocke M (2014) Clostridium bornimense sp. nov., isolated from a mesophilic, two-phase, laboratory-scale biogas reactor. Int J Syst Evol Micr 64(Pt 8):2792
Jiang L, Wang J, Liang S, Wang X, Cen P, Xu Z (2010) Production of butyric acid from glucose and xylose with immobilized cells of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in a fibrous-bed bioreactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 160(2):350
Jo JH, Lee DS, Park JM (2008) The effects of pH on carbon material and energy balances in hydrogen-producing Clostridium tyrobutyricum JM1. Bioresour Technol 99(17):8485–8491
Jönsson LJ, Alriksson B, Nilvebrant NO (2013) Bioconversion of lignocellulose: inhibitors and detoxification. Biotechnol Biofuels 6(1):1–10
Junghare M, Subudhi S, Lal B (2012) Improvement of hydrogen production under decreased partial pressure by newly isolated alkaline tolerant anaerobe, Clostridium butyricum TM-9A: optimization of process parameters. Int J Hydrog Energy 37(4):3160–3168
Khamtib S, Reungsang A (2012) Biohydrogen production from xylose by Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum KKU19 isolated from hot spring sediment. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37(17):12219–12228
Khanal SK, Chen WH, Li L, Sung S (2004) Biological hydrogen production: effects of pH and intermediate products. Int J Hydrogen Energy 29:1123–1131
Liu X, Yang ST (2006) Kinetics of butyric acid fermentation of glucose and xylose by Clostridium tyrobutyricum wild type and mutant. Process Biochem 41(4):801–808
Liu H, Hu H, Jin Y, Yue X, Deng L, Wang F, Tan T (2017) Co-fermentation of a mixture of glucose and xylose to fumaric acid by Rhizopus arrhizus RH 7-13-9. Bioresour Technol 233:30
Lo YC, Chen WM, Hung CH, Chen SD, Chang JS (2008) Dark H2 fermentation from sucrose and xylose using H2-producing indigenous bacteria: feasibility and kinetic studies. Water Res 42(4–5):827–842
Luedeking R, Piret EL (2000) A kinetic study of the lactic acid fermentation. Batch process at controlled pH. Biotechnol Bioeng 67(6):636–644
Menon V, Rao M (2012) Trends in bioconversion of lignocellulose: biofuels, platform chemicals & biorefinery concept. Prog Energy Combust 38(4):522–550
Pagliano G, Ventorino V, Panico A, Pepe O (2017) Integrated systems for biopolymers and bioenergy production from organic waste and by-products: a review of microbial processes. Biotechnol Biofuel 10(1):113
Park GC, Jang SJ, Min JL, Kook JK, Min JK, Kim YS, Yang NW, Lee HS, Kang SH, Park G (2015) Comparison of the Vitek 2, API 20A, and 16s rRNA gene sequencing for the identification of anaerobic Bacteria. J Cytol 18(1):55–59
Ren N, Cao G, Wang A, Lee DJ, Guo W, Zhu Y (2008) Dark fermentation of xylose and glucose mix using isolated Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum W16. Int J Hydrogen Energy 33(21):6124–6132
Rogers P, Chen JS, Zidwick MJ (2006) Organic Acid and Solvent Production. In: Dworkin M (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, pp 511–755
Saratale GD, Jung MY, Oh MK (2016) Reutilization of green liquor chemicals for pretreatment of whole rice waste biomass and its application to 2,3-butanediol production. Bioresour Technol 205:90
Silva LAO, Terrasan CRF, Carmona EC (2015) Purification and characterization of xylanases from Trichoderma inhamatum. Electron J Biotechnol 18(4):307–313
Song H, Eom MH, Lee S, Lee J, Cho JH, Seung D (2010) Modeling of batch experimental kinetics and application to fed-batch fermentation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid production. Biochem Eng J 53:71–76
Starr MP, Stolp H, Truper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG (1981) The prokaryotes. A handbook on habits, isolation, and identification of bacteria. Q Rev Biol
Ventorino V, Ionata E, Birolo L, Montella S, Marcolongo L et al (2016) Lignocellulose-adapted endo-cellulase producing Streptomyces strains for bioconversion of cellulose-based materials. Front Microbiol 7:2061. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02061
Ventorino V, Robertiello A, Cimini D, Argenzio O et al (2017) Bio-based succinate production from Arundo donax hydrolysate with the new natural succinic acid-producing strain Basfia succiniciproducens BPP7. Bioenergy Res 10(2):488–498
Verhaart MRA, Bielen AAM, van der Oost J, Stams AJM, Kengen SWM (2010) Hydrogen production by hyperthermophilic and extremely thermophilic bacteria and archaea: mechanisms for reductant disposal. Environ Technol 31(8–9):993–1003
Weiss RM, Ollis DF (1980) Extracellular microbial polysaccharides. I. Substrate, biomass, and product kinetic equations for batch xanthan gum fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 22(4):859–873
Wu Z, Yang ST (2003) Extractive fermentation for butyric acid production from glucose by Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Biotechnol Bioeng 82(1):93–102
Yin Y, Wang J (2017) Isolation and characterization of a novel strain Clostridium butyricum INET1 for fermentative hydrogen production. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42(17)
Zhang C, Yang H, Yang F, Ma Y (2009a) Current progress on butyric acid production by fermentation. Curr Microbiol 59(6):656–663
Zhang C, Yang H, Yang F, Liu W, Zhang Y (2009b) Optimization of medium composition for butyric acid production by Clostridium thermobutyricum using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 100:4284–4288
Zhu Y, Yang ST (2003) Adaptation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced tolerance to butyric acid in a fibrous-bed bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 19(2):365
Zhu Y, Yang ST (2004) Effect of pH on metabolic pathway shift in fermentation of xylose by Clostridium tyrobutyricum. J Biotechnol 110(2):143–157
Zigová J, Šturdík E (2000) Advances in biotechnological production of butyric acid. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 24(3):153–160
Funding
This work was supported financially by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51478141) and the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (Grant No. 2016DX06).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, X., Li, J., Chi, X. et al. A novel isolate of Clostridium butyricum for efficient butyric acid production by xylose fermentation. Ann Microbiol 68, 321–330 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-018-1340-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-018-1340-4