Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Use of hydroxyapatite as a support in the immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase for application in the production of biodiesel using a by-product as lipid raw material

  • Original Article
  • Published:
3 Biotech Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The use of new materials in the field of biofuel production has been represented as a step in the development of remarkable catalysts. The use of lipases in the production of biodiesel is often seen as a cost-limiting step, as the operating expenses in recovering such catalysts can lead to unfeasible market expectations. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles were evaluated as a support to immobilize commercial lipase, following application in ethyl ester synthesis. First, hydroxyapatite was synthesized through the co-precipitation method at constant pH and selected as a support to be used in enzyme immobilization. The characterization of the biocatalyst support materials produced was carried out using DRX, BET, FTIR, TGA, and SEM analysis. The lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus was then immobilized in the matrices, and, subsequently, there was transesterification of the vegetable oil deodorization distillate (VODD). The biodiesel samples generated showed that they were within commercial standards, achieving ester conversion greater than 96.5%. Other properties such as density (0.87 g.cm−3) and viscosity (4.36 mm2.s−1) meet the specifications required by ASTM to be used as a biofuel. In the experiment planning technique, the results revealed an experimental trend and a defined behavior: a higher lipase loading in the immobilization and the use of temperatures in the range of 40–50 °C favor high conversions of ethyl esters. Thus, this confirms that the enzymatic chemical catalyst was able to form the main fatty acid esters even using a residual lipid raw material.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antczak MS, Kubiak A, Antczak T, Bielecki S (2009) Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis–key factors affecting efficiency of the process. Renew Energy 34(5):1185–1194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashkevarian S, Badraghi J, Mamashli F, Delavari B, Saboury AA (2021) Covalent immobilization and characterization of Rhizopus oryzae lipase on core-shell cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for biodiesel production. Chin J Chem Eng 37:128–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett EP, Joyner LG, Halenda PP (1951) The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms. J Am Chem Soc 73(1):373–380

  • Bôas V, Renata N, Mendes MF (2022) A review of biodiesel production from non-edible raw materials using the transesterification process with a focus on influence of feedstock composition and free fatty acids. J Chil Chem Soc 67(1):5433–5444. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-97072022000105433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brasil H, Pereira P, Corrêa J, Nascimento L, Rumjanek V, Almeida V, Rodrigues E (2017) Preparation of hydrotalcite–hydroxyapatite material and its catalytic activity for transesterification of soybean oil. Catal Lett 147:391–399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunauer S, Emmett PH, Teller E (1938) Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J Am Chem Soc 60(2):309–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conceição LD, Pergher SB, Moro CC, Oliveira LC (2007) Magnetic composites based on hydrotalcites for removal of anionic contaminants in water. Quim Nova 30:1077–1081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coral N, Brasil H, Rodrigues E, da Costa CE, Rumjanek V (2019) Microwave-modified hydrotalcites for the transesterification of soybean oil. Sustain Chem Pharm 11:49–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coutinho TC, Tardioli PW, Farinas CS (2020) Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modified with metal ions for xylanase immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 150:344–353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Da Rós PC, Silva GA, Mendes AA, Santos JC, de Castro HF (2010) Evaluation of the catalytic properties of Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized on non-commercial matrices to be used in biodiesel synthesis from different feedstocks. Biores Technol 101(14):5508–5516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot JC (1994) Structure and chemistry of the apatites and other calcium orthophosphates. Elsevier Sciense, London, UK, 404p

  • Gomes FM, Paula AVD, Silva GDS, Castro HFD (2006) Determinação das propriedades catalíticas em meio aquoso e orgânico da lipase de Candida rugosa imobilizada em celulignina quimicamente modificada por carbonildiimidazol. Quim Nova 29:710–718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregg SJ, Sing KSW (1982) London

  • Jaeger KE, Eggert T (2002) Lipases for biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 13(4):390–397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kavadia MR, Yadav MG, Odaneth AA, Lali AM (2018) Synthesis of designer triglycerides by enzymatic acidolysis. Biotechnol Rep 18:e00246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Zhou H, Dai L, Liu D, Al-Zuhair S, Du W (2021) Immobilization of lipase from thermomyces lanuginosus in magnetic macroporous zif-8 improves lipase reusability in biodiesel preparation. ACS Omega 7(1):274–280

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu C, Huang Y, Shen W, Cui J (2001) Kinetics of hydroxyapatite precipitation at pH 10 to 11. Biomaterials 22(4):301–306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lv W, Wu C, Lin S, Wang X, Wang Y (2021) Integrated utilization strategy for soybean oil deodorizer distillate: synergically synthesizing biodiesel and recovering bioactive compounds by a combined enzymatic process and molecular distillation. ACS Omega 6(13):9141–9152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Matte CR, Bussamara R, Dupont J, Rodrigues RC, Hertz PF, Ayub MAZ (2014) Immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase by different techniques on Immobead 150 support: characterization and applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172(5):2507–2520

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehde AA, Mehdi WA, Severgün O, Çakar S, Özacar M (2018) Lipase-based on starch material as a development matrix with magnetite cross-linked enzyme aggregates and its application. Int J Biol Macromol 120:1533–1543

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mendes AA, Oliveira PC, de Castro HF (2012) Properties and biotechnological applications of porcine pancreatic lipase. J Mol Catal B Enzym 78:119–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendes AA, Castro HFD, Giordano RDL (2013) Triagem de suportes orgânicos e protocolos de ativação na imobilização e estabilização de lipase de Thermomyces lanuginosus. Quim Nova 36:245–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miranda JS, Silva NC, Bassi JJ, Corradini MC, Lage FA, Hirata DB, Mendes AA (2014) Immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on mesoporous poly-hydroxybutyrate particles and application in alkyl esters synthesis: isotherm, thermodynamic and mass transfer studies. Chem Eng J 251:392–403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okura NS, Sabi GJ, Crivellenti MC, Gomes RA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Mendes AA (2020) Improved immobilization of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus on a new chitosan-based heterofunctional support: mixed ion exchange plus hydrophobic interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 163:550–561

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira PCD, Alves GM, Castro HFD, Mei LHI (2000) Síntese do butirato de n-butila empregando lipase microbiana imobilizada em copolímero de estireno-divinilbenzeno. Quim Nova 23:632–636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ondul E, Dizge N, Keskinler B, Albayrak N (2015) Biocatalytic production of biodiesel from vegetable oils. Biofuels-Status Perspect 450

  • Pacheco C, Palla C, Crapiste GH, Carrín ME (2013) Optimization of reaction conditions in the enzymatic interesterification of soybean oil and fully hydrogenated soybean oil to produce plastic fats. J Am Oil Chem Soc 90(3):391–400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peeters A, Claes L, Geukens I, Stassen I, De Vos D (2014) Alcohol amination with heterogeneous ruthenium hydroxyapatite catalysts. Appl Catal A 469:191–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raita M, Arnthong J, Champreda V, Laosiripojana N (2015) Modification of magnetic nanoparticle lipase designs for biodiesel production from palm oil. Fuel Process Technol 134:189–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reichle WT (1985) Catalytic reactions by thermally activated, synthetic, anionic clay minerals. J Catal 94:547–557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Remonatto D, de Oliveira JV, Manuel Guisan J, de Oliveira D, Ninow J, Fernandez-Lorente G (2018) Production of FAME and FAEE via alcoholysis of sunflower oil by Eversa lipases immobilized on hydrophobic supports. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 185(3):705–716

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rivera JA, Fetter G, Baños L, Guzmán J, Bosch P (2009) New hydroxyapatite–hydrotalcite composites I. synthesis. J Porous Mater 16:401–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues MI, Iemma AF (2005) Planejamento de experimentos e otimização de processos: Uma estratégia sequencial de planejamentos, 1 ed., Editora Casa do Pão: Campinas, 326p

  • Saire-Saire S, Garcia-Segura S, Luyo C, Andrade LH, Alarcon H (2020) Magnetic bio-nanocomposite catalysts of CoFe2O4/hydroxyapatite-lipase for enantioselective synthesis provide a framework for enzyme recovery and reuse. Int J Biol Macromol 148:284–291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silva AL, Farias AFF, Costa ACFM (2019) Evaluation of thermal treatment on magnetic catalyst Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe2O4 and its catalytic activity in biodiesel production by simultaneous transesterification and esterification of frying oil. Ceramica 65:13–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soares CM, Castro HFD, Moraes FFD, Zanin GM (1999) Characterization and utilization of Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on controlled pore silica. In Twentieth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (pp. 745–757). Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Tan CH, Show PL, Ooi CW, Ng EP, Lan JCW, Ling TC (2015) Novel lipase purification methods–a review of the latest developments. Biotechnol J 10(1):31–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terra J, Dourado ER, Eon JG, Ellis DE, Gonzalez G, Rossi AM (2009) The structure of strontium-doped hydroxyapatite: an experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11(3):568–577

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trbojević Ivić J, Veličković D, Dimitrijević A, Bezbradica D, Dragačević V, Gavrović Jankulović M, Milosavić N (2016) Design of biocompatible immobilized Candida rugosa lipase with potential application in food industry. J Sci Food Agric 96(12):4281–4287

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urrutia P, Arrieta R, Alvarez L, Cardenas C, Mesa M, Wilson L (2018) Immobilization of lipases in hydrophobic chitosan for selective hydrolysis of fish oil: the impact of support functionalization on lipase activity, selectivity and stability. Int J Biol Macromol 108:674–686

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas M, Niehus X, Casas-Godoy L, Sandoval G (2018) Lipases as biocatalyst for biodiesel production. Lipases Phospholipases 377–390

  • Vilas-Bôas RN, da Silva LL, Fernandes LD, Augusto BL, Mendes MF (2020) Study of the use of hydrotalcite–hydroxyapatite as heterogeneous catalysts for application in biodiesel using by-product as raw material. Catal Lett 150:3642–3652.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-020-03274-0

  • Vilas-Bôas RN, Lucchetti L, Fernandes LD, da Costa S, Mendes MF (2022) Preparation and utilization of hydroxyapatite-supported Na and CaO–CeO2 catalysts for biodiesel production using vegetable oil deodorization distillate as raw material. Catal Lett https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-04173-2

  • Wancura JH, Rosset DV, Tres MV, Oliveira JV, Mazutti MA, Jahn SL (2018) Production of biodiesel catalyzed by lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus in its soluble form. Canadian J Chem Eng 96(11):2361–2368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie W, Huang M (2018) Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase onto graphene oxide Fe3O4 nanocomposite: characterization and application for biodiesel production. Energy Convers Manage 159:42–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie W, Zang X (2017) Covalent immobilization of lipase onto aminopropyl-functionalized hydroxyapatite-encapsulated-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: a magnetic biocatalyst for interesterification of soybean oil. Food Chem 227:397–403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yin X, Duan X, You Q, Dai C, Tan Z, Zhu X (2016) Biodiesel production from soybean oil deodorizer distillate usingcalcined duck eggshell as catalyst. Energy Convers Manag 112:199–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao X, Qi F, Yuan C, Du W, Liu D (2015) Lipase-catalyzed process for biodiesel production: enzyme immobilization, process simulation and optimization. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 44:182–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES—Finance Code 001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 23.897-000, Brazil

    Renata N. Vilas-Bôas, Lindoval D. Fernandes, Eliane P. Cipolatti & Marisa F. Mendes

  2. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil

    Leonardo Lucchetti

Authors
  1. Renata N. Vilas-Bôas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lindoval D. Fernandes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Leonardo Lucchetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Eliane P. Cipolatti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marisa F. Mendes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renata N. Vilas-Bôas.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publish

Not applicable.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vilas-Bôas, R.N., Fernandes, L.D., Lucchetti, L. et al. Use of hydroxyapatite as a support in the immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase for application in the production of biodiesel using a by-product as lipid raw material. 3 Biotech 14, 163 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-04008-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-04008-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation