Abstract
A large seed mutant, TG 89 having a 76.7% increment in hundred kernel weight in comparison to its parent TG 26, was isolated from an electron beam-induced mutagenized population. Studies based on environmental scanning electron microscopy of both parent and mutant revealed that the mutant seed cotyledon had significantly bigger cell size than parent. A mapping population with 122 F2 plants derived from the mutant and a distant normal seed genotype (ICGV 15007) was utilized to map the QTL associated with higher HKW. Bulk segregant analysis revealed putative association of three markers with this mutant large seed trait. Further, genotyping of F2 individuals with polymorphic markers detected 14 linkage groups with a map distance of 1053 cM. QTL analysis revealed a significant additive major QTL for the mutant large seed trait on linkage group A05 explaining 12.7% phenotypic variation for the seed size. This QTL was located between flanking markers AhTE333 and AhTE810 having a map interval of 4.7 cM which corresponds to 90.65 to 107.24 Mbp in A05 chromosome, respectively. Within this genomic fragment, an ortholog of the BIG SEEDS 1 gene was found at 102,476,137 bp. Real-time PCR revealed down-regulation of this BIG SEEDS 1 gene in the mutant indicating a loss of function mutation giving rise to a large seed phenotype. This QTL was validated in 11 advanced breeding lines having large seed size from this mutant but with varied genetic backgrounds. This validation showcased a highly promising selection accuracy of 90.9% for the marker-assisted selection.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Director, Bioscience Group and Head, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre for constant encouragement. This work is a part of doctoral thesis work of PGB. PGB acknowledge all the suggestions made by doctoral committee members, Homi Bhabha National Institute. The authors duly acknowledged the efforts of T. Chalapathi and Sujit Tota during field experimentation. This work is a part of a research agreement number 25064 under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) coordinated research project (D24015) on “Radiation-induced crop diversity and genetic association for accelerating variety development”.
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PGB developed mapping population, executed the experiments, analysed data and wrote the draft. SM conceptualized the work, supervised the experiments, analysed data, and edited the manuscript. AMB conceptualized the work, supervised the experiments, and edited manuscript.
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Bhad, P.G., Mondal, S. & Badigannavar, A.M. Molecular tagging of seed size using MITE markers in an induced large seed mutant with higher cotyledon cell size in groundnut. 3 Biotech 14, 56 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03909-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03909-0