Abstract
The objective of this study was to purify sodium maltobionate using Zymomonas mobilis cells immobilized in situ on flexible polyurethane (PU) and convert it into maltobionic acid for further evaluation of bioactivity (iron chelating ability, antibacterial potential and cytoprotection) and incorporation into films based on cassava starch, chitosan, and cellulose acetate. Sodium maltobionate exhibited a purity of 98.1% and demonstrated an iron chelating ability of approximately 50% at concentrations ranging from 15 to 20 mg mL−1. Maltobionic acid displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 8.5, 10.5, 8.0, and 8.0 mg mL−1 for Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. Maltobionic acid did not exhibit cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells at concentrations up to 500 µg mL−1. Films incorporating 7.5% maltobionic acid into cassava starch and chitosan demonstrated inhibition of microbial growth, with halo sizes ranging from 15.67 to 22.33 mm. These films had a thickness of 0.17 and 0.13 mm, water solubility of 62.68% and 78.85%, and oil solubility of 6.23% and 11.91%, respectively. The cellulose acetate film exhibited a non-uniform visual appearance due to the low solubility of maltobionic acid in acetone. Mechanical and optical properties were enhanced with the addition of maltobionic acid to chitosan and cassava films. The chitosan film with 7.5% maltobionic acid demonstrated higher tensile strength (30.3 MPa) and elongation at break (9.0%). In contrast, the cassava starch film exhibited a high elastic modulus (1.7). Overall, maltobionic acid, with its antibacterial activity, holds promise for applications in active films suitable for food packaging.
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Acknowledgements
This study was financed in part by the coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil (CAPES)—Financing Code 001, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), URI Erechim, UCS Caxias do Sul, and DEMa/UFSCar.
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This research was financially supported by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).
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RCS: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing-eviewing. LMS, BAB, SC; MF, BMP and MR: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis. MS; EM and FKVM conceptualization, supervision, validation, writing – review & editing. CS: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing. EV: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing. JZ: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing.
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de Souza, R.C., da Silva, L.M., Buratti, B.A. et al. Purification, bioactivity and application of maltobionic acid in active films. 3 Biotech 14, 32 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03879-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03879-3