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Glycolipopeptide biosurfactant from Bacillus pumilus SG: physicochemical characterization, optimization, antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity evaluation

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Abstract

The Bacillus pumilus SG isolated from soil samples at the Persian Gulf was analyzed for its ability to produce biosurfactant. Various screening techniques were used for evaluating biosurfactant production and confirming biosurfactant presence in the culture supernatant. Most n-alkanes in the bacterial culture media were effectively degraded in the presence of biosurfactant acquired from the bacteria. The highest interfacial tension (IT) reduction (42 mN/m) was obtained at 24-h fermentation time (exponential phase) and did not change significantly afterwards. The glycolipid structure of the biosurfactant was revealed through NMR and FTIR spectroscopy analysis. Two-level factorial design was then applied for optimization of biosurfactant production, where a maximal reduction of culture broth IT (30 mN/m) acquired in the presence of crude oil (0.5%, v/v), NaNO3 (1 g/L), yeast extract (1 g/L), peptone (2 g/L) and temperature of 25 °C. The produced biosurfactant that exhibited a critical micelle concentration of 0.1 mg/ml was thermally stable. The glycolipid biosurfactant also displayed significant antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The maximum inhibition of glycolipids biosurfactant was found against Acinetobacter strains (zone of inhibition, 45 mm). In addition, antibiofilm activities with a 50–90% biofilm reduction percent were indicated by the glycolipid biosurfactant. In conclusion, the glycolipid biosurfactant produced by B. pumilus SG revealed a wide range of functional properties and was verified as a good candidate for biomedical application. In conclusion, the glycolipid biosurfactant produced by B. pumilus SG showed a wide range of functional properties in this study, and in the case of further in vivo studies, it can be investigated a good candidate for biomedical applications such as use against biofilm or in pharmaceutical formulations.

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  1. Sanaz Gharaie and Mandana Ohadi contributed equally as first author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Sanaz Gharaie, Mehdi Hassanshahian & Poorandokht Shahriary

  2. Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Mandana Ohadi

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Mojtaba Shakibaie & Hamid Forootanfar

  4. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Mojtaba Shakibaie & Hamid Forootanfar

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  1. Sanaz Gharaie
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Gharaie, S., Ohadi, M., Hassanshahian, M. et al. Glycolipopeptide biosurfactant from Bacillus pumilus SG: physicochemical characterization, optimization, antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity evaluation. 3 Biotech 13, 321 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03728-3

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