Abstract
Production, preservation and recovery of sludge with stabilized nitrifying activity over long time can be difficult. Information on the ability of nitrifying sludge to regain its nitrifying activity after long-term storage is still scarce. In this work, the physiological and kinetic changes during the reactivation and stabilization of a nitrifying sludge previously exposed to ampicillin (AMP) were evaluated in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) after its long-term storage (1 year) at 4 °C. After storage, both ammonium and nitrite oxidizing processes were slow, being nitrite oxidation the most affected step. During the reactivation stage (cycles 1–6), physiological and kinetic activity of the nitrifying sludge improved through the operating cycles, in both its ammonium oxidizing and nitrite oxidizing processes. At the end of the reactivation stage, complete nitrifying activity was achieved in 10 h, reaching ammonium consumption efficiencies (ENH4+) close to 100% and nitrate yields (YNO3−) of 0.98 mg NO3−-N/mg NH4+-N consumed without nitrite accumulation. During the stabilization stage (cycles 7–17), results indicated that the sludge could maintain a steady-state respiratory process with restoration percentages of 100% for nitrifying specific rates (qNH4+ and qNO3−) with respect to their values obtained before storage. Furthermore, during the addition of 15 mg AMP/L (cycles 18–21), the sludge preserved its metabolic capacity to biodegrade 90% of AMP in 2 h. Therefore, long-term storage of nitrifying sludge could be used to preserve nitrifying inocula as bioseeds for bioremediation and bioaugmentation strategies.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT) under Grant [number 616220] and the Divisional Council (CBS) of Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa.
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DMC took part in methodology, investigation, writing the original draft and visualization. OOL was responsible for formal analysis, investigation, and writing, reviewing and editing. FMCL was involved in formal analysis, resources, writing, reviewing and editing, and supervision. ACT participated in conceptualization, formal analysis, resources, writing, reviewing and editing, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.
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Maturano-Carrera, D., Oltehua-Lopez, O., Cuervo-López, F. et al. Long-term post-storage reactivation of a nitrifying sludge in a sequential batch reactor: physiological and kinetic evaluation. 3 Biotech 13, 17 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03433-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03433-7