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Irisin/FNDC5 influences myogenic markers on skeletal muscle following high and moderate-intensity exercise training in STZ-diabetic rats

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Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on irisin and expression of myogenic markers (paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD), myogenin) in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. Eighty-four male Wistar rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 12): basic control (Co Basic), 8 weeks control (Co 8w), diabetes mellitus (DM), HIIT, DM + HIIT, MICT, and DM + MICT groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The \(\dot{V}{\text{o}}_{2\max }\)protocol was characterized by running on a rodent treadmill with moderate intensity (60–70% \(\dot{V}{\text{o}}_{2\max }\)), 60 min per session, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. HIIT consisted of six 3-min runs at a high intensity (80–90% \(\dot{V}{\text{o}}_{2\max }\)) alternated with 2-min running at low intensity (50% \(\dot{V}{\text{o}}_{2\max }\)), 30 min per session, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. Results showed that DM decreased myoblast markers compared to Co Basic and Co 8w groups. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) mRNA decrease was correlated with myoblast markers (Pax7 r = 0.632, p = 0.027; MyoD r = 0.999, p = 0.001; myogenin r = 1.000, p = 0.001) in DM group. DM + MICT significantly increased gene expression of MyoD, myogenin, and FNDC5 compared to DM and DM + HIIT. The results also showed that the intensity and duration of exercise on the treadmill were effective in stimulating irisin and myogenic markers after DM.

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Data availability

Experimental data can be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

FNDC5:

Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5

HIIT:

High intensity interval training

MICT:

Moderate intensity continuous training

Pax7:

Paired box 7

MyoD:

Myogenic differentiation 1

FNDC5:

Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5

SCs:

Satellite cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ehsan Arabzadeh & Hossein Shirvani

  2. Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

    Masoumeh Ebadi Zahmatkesh

  3. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Shahin Riyahi Malayeri

  4. Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Gholam Hossein Meftahi

  5. Department of Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Rostamkhani

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  1. Ehsan Arabzadeh
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  2. Hossein Shirvani
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  3. Masoumeh Ebadi Zahmatkesh
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  4. Shahin Riyahi Malayeri
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  5. Gholam Hossein Meftahi
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  6. Fatemeh Rostamkhani
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Contributions

HS, EA, and MEZ designed and performed the research, analyzed data, performed histological analysis, and performed western blotting analysis. SRM, GM, and FR designed and performed the research, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript. All authors revised the manuscript and approved the final version. The authors declare that all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.

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Correspondence to Hossein Shirvani.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Research involving animals

The experimental protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science (ethical code: IR.BMSU.REC.1396.632), and was in accordance with the current legislation on animal experimentation (Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Eighth Edition 2011).

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Arabzadeh, E., Shirvani, H., Ebadi Zahmatkesh, M. et al. Irisin/FNDC5 influences myogenic markers on skeletal muscle following high and moderate-intensity exercise training in STZ-diabetic rats. 3 Biotech 12, 193 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03253-9

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