Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis is an important food-borne pathogen. The use of antibiotics is a serious threat to animal and human health, owing to the existence of resistant strains and drug residues. Lactic acid bacteria, as a new alternative to antibiotics, has attracted much attention. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial potential and underlying mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SQ511 against S. enteritidis ATCC13076. The results revealed that L. rhamnosus SQ511 significantly inhibited S. enteritidis ATCC13076 growth or even caused death. Laser confocal microscopic imaging revealed that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. rhamnosus SQ511 elevated the reactive oxygen species level and bacterial membrane depolarization in S. enteritidis ATCC13076, leading to cell death. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus SQ511 CFS had severely deleterious effects on S. enteritidis ATCC13076, causing membrane destruction and the release of cellular materials. In addition, L. rhamnosus SQ511 CFS significantly reduced the expression of virulence, motility, adhesion, and invasion genes in S. enteritidis ATCC13076 (P < 0.05), and considerably inhibited motility and biofilm formation capacity (P < 0.05). Thus, antimicrobial compounds produced by L. rhamnosus SQ511 strongly inhibited S. enteritidis growth, mobility, biofilm formation, membrane disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation, and regulated virulence-related gene expressions, presenting promising applications as a probiotic agent.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Anhui Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Research and Ecological Protection in Southwest Anhui for its platform support.
Funding
This work was supported by the Anhui Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2108085QC138), Key Research and Development Plan of Anhui Province (Grant No. 202104f06020024), Open Fund Project of Anhui Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Research and Ecological Protection in Southwest Anhui (Grant No. Wy2021001), and National Entrepreneurship Practice Project (Grant No. 202110732044x, S202110372099).
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LJ: conceived and designed the experiments; JS: performed the experiments; LY and HJ: analyzed the data; LY contributed to reagents/materials/analysis tools; and SS and DQ: wrote the manuscript. All authors have critically read and contributed to the manuscript and approved the final version.
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Shi, S., Gong, L., Yu, H. et al. Antagonistic activity and mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SQ511 against Salmonella enteritidis. 3 Biotech 12, 126 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03176-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03176-5