Abstract
Biofouling in environmental systems employs bacterial quorum sensing signals (autoinducers) and extracellular polymeric substances to onset the event. The present review has highlighted on the fundamental mechanisms behind biofilm formation over broad spectrum environmental niches especially membrane biofouling in water systems and consequent chances of pathogenic contamination leading to global economic loss. It has broadly discussed on bioelectrical signal (via, potassium gradient) and molecular signal (via, AHLs) mediated quorum sensing which help to propagate biofilm formation. The review has illustrated the potential of genomic intervention towards biofouled membrane microbial community and has uncovered possible features of biofilm microenvironment like quorum quenching bacteria, bioelectrical waves capture, siderophores arrest and surface modifications. Based on information, the concept of interception of quorum signals (AHLs) and bioelectrical signals (K+) by employing electro-modified (negative charges) membrane surface have been hypothesized in the present review to favour anti-biofouling.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank CSIR NEERI (KRC/EBGD/2017), ESC0306 Clean Water; Sustainable Options: 12th plan CSIR network project and DST/TM/WTI/2k15/225(G)-B/2, AcSIR and DST Inspire Fellowship for financial support. Funding was provided by Department of Science and Technology, India.
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Supplementary figure 1: Gluey attachment of membrane biofouling bacterial isolate (Enterobacterasburiae EGD_AQ_BF12) with substratum showing clumsy thick cell mass and protruding threadlike EPS bound cells in the liquid (TIF 896 KB)
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Supplementary figure 2: Heat map of quorum signal related genomic components from environmental and pathogenic biofilm genomes. Comparative frequency abundance followed by multivariate clustering visualization (TIF 220 KB)
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Supplementary figure 3: Insilico Protein network visualization of representative environmental Enterobacter asburiae EGD_AQ_BF12 biofilm and signal regulating elements, showing siderophore formation in a cluster. where,1: proteins associated with cell signalling; including signalling peptide type I and II, autoinducers, Twist Arginine motifs and chemical signalling, 2: Biofilm proteins, 3: siderophore formation proteins, 4: Motility and chemotactic proteins, 5: Drug resistance proteins, 6: osmoregulatory proteins (JPG 63 KB)
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Pal, S., Qureshi, A. & Purohit, H.J. Intercepting signalling mechanism to control environmental biofouling. 3 Biotech 8, 364 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1383-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1383-z