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“Core–shell” nanoparticles produced from Ti-Ni-Hf and Ti-Ni-Zr alloys by spark erosion method

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Abstract

Interest in core–shell-like structures Ni/Ti, Ni/TiO2 and NiO/TiO2 increases considering their potential application in photovoltaics, as photocatalysts for H2 generation and CO2 methanation, anodes in supercapacitors and fuel cells, etc.

In this work, the powders were produced from Ti-Ni-Hf and Ti-Ni-Zr high-temperature shape memory alloys by the spark erosion method in cryogenic liquids. The morphology and fine structure of the nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution (HRTEM) and energy-filtered (EFTEM) transmission electron microscopy. The elemental composition was measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It was found that a few types of nanoparticles can be formed during spark erosion of Ti-Ni-Hf and Ti-Ni-Zr alloys in cryogenic liquids. The finest fraction (5–20 nm) consists of a mixture of TiO and NiO phases. At the same time, “core–shell” structures were observed in particles from tens to hundreds of nanometers in size. The core–shell nanoparticles have FCC structure. The core has a banded structure, and its composition is close to the eutectic between Ni and Ni3Ti. The shell composition is almost TiO. The formation mechanism of “core–shell” nanoparticles based on the “oxygen pump” process was proposed. Coalescence and remelting of the partially oxidized Ti and Ni particles, condensed from vapor, occur. Ni atoms tend to diffuse inside agglomerates while Ti atoms—are to the surface due to the strong affinity of Ti to the oxygen.

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The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are sincerely grateful to the CNRS PICS-3717 project for supporting this work and Dr. Andriy Kotko and Dr. Mikola Danilenko from the Institute for Problems of Materials Sciences National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for their help in conventional, analytical and HR TEM, and to Prof. Anatoliy Shcherba from Institute of Electrodynamic National Academy of Science of Ukraine for his help in the preparing powders.

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  1. National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 37, Prosp. Peremohy, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine

    Andrii Gilchuk & Gennady Monastyrsky

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  1. Andrii Gilchuk
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  2. Gennady Monastyrsky
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Correspondence to Andrii Gilchuk.

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Gilchuk, A., Monastyrsky, G. “Core–shell” nanoparticles produced from Ti-Ni-Hf and Ti-Ni-Zr alloys by spark erosion method. Appl Nanosci 13, 7145–7154 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02864-9

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