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Central composite design-based optimization and fabrication of benzylisothiocynate-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced antimicrobial attributes

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Abstract

Benzylisothiocynate also referred to as BITC is a compound which is commonly found in Cruciferae plants. This chemical moiety falls under the category of Isothiocynates (ITCs), and is known to possess superior antibacterial properties. Hence, endeavors have been made in the present research to encapsulate benzyl isothiocynate (BITC) within the framework of polymeric nanoparticles to enhance its potency, stability, safety, and biocompatibility. The study also aimed at fabricating a nanoparticulate system with engineered release characteristics so that the susceptibility of BITC in evoking a bactericidal response towards E. coli can be enhanced. To attain an optimal system with desired critical quality attributes [CQAs (particle size, entrapment efficiency and release)] all the requisite critical material attributes [CMAs (amount of polymer, and concentration of surfactant)] were optimized using central composite design (CCD). An overall assessment of the physicochemical characteristics of fabricated PLGA nanoparticles containing BITC viz. BITC-PLGA NPs were accomplished using DLS, FE-SEM, UV–Vis, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The BITC-PLGA NPs were found to be 106.2 ± 1.78 nm in size, and has a surface charge of − 16.3 ± 0.64 mV. The BITC-PLGA NPs were found to be homogenous as the DLS analysis revealed a PDI value of 0.353 ± 0.008. A significantly high entrapment efficiency and percentage loading (~ 74 and 32%) along with a sustained release of BITC (~ 64.2 (pH 5.5)–(pH 5.5), and 83.8 (pH 7.4)  %) was obtained from BITC-PLGA NPs. The antibacterial assay also pointed towards a safe and efficient delivery system which can further prove to be a pioneer in the upcoming times.

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Acknowledgements

The authors recognize DST PURSE grant for monetary help. The authors need to extraordinarily offer their thanks towards Dr. Vipasha Sharma and Shikha Kapil (University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan (Punjab), India) for their consistent help in performing antibacterial activity. We additionally stretch out our vote of gratitude to the SAIF/CIL and CIIPP, Panjab University (Chandigarh), India, for providing FE-SEM, EDS, and DLS facilities, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Ankush Parmar, Gurpreet Kaur & Shweta Sharma

  2. University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140413, India

    Shikha Kapil & Vipasha Sharma

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  1. Ankush Parmar
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  2. Gurpreet Kaur
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  3. Shikha Kapil
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  4. Vipasha Sharma
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  5. Shweta Sharma
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Correspondence to Shweta Sharma.

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Parmar, A., Kaur, G., Kapil, S. et al. Central composite design-based optimization and fabrication of benzylisothiocynate-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced antimicrobial attributes. Appl Nanosci 10, 379–389 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01185-0

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