Skip to main content
Log in

A study of cost overruns in complex multi-stakeholder road projects in the United Arab Emirates

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cost performance is a concern particularly for Complex multi-stakeholder projects in the form of critical infrastructure. Evidence suggests that critical infrastructure projects in the United Arab Emirates (‘UAE’) experience substantial cost overruns. Cost overruns and its consequences in terms of project failure can lead to substantial negative and unintended consequences on infrastructure project systems, especially noting that it is sector characterized by substantial interrelatedness and interdependence between different projects. For these reasons, understanding the causes and possible solutions to cost overruns as a form of project failure is of paramount importance. To undertake such a study, data were collected through structured questionnaire survey (focused on 44 common factors), of various project stakeholders with analysis focusing on frequency, severity and importance indices. Findings suggest five major reasons leading to cost overruns in UAE infrastructure projects as ‘Delays in decisions making by approval authorities’, ‘Changes in client requirements’, ‘Construction cost underestimation’, ‘Poor site management’ and ‘Frequency of variation orders and additional works’.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Mazrouie J, Ojiako U, Williams T, Chipulu M, Marshall A (2020) An operations readiness typology for mitigating against transitional 'disastrous openings’ of airport infrastructure projects. Product Plan Control. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1730997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apolot R, Alinaitwe H, Tindiwensi D (2012) An investigation into the causes of delay and cost overrun in Uganda’s public sector construction projects. In: 2nd International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology, Makerere University

  • Arcadis (2015) Global construction disputes report: the higher the stakes, the bigger the risk. Available from: https://www.arcadis.com/media/2/8/9/%7B289321DC-B266-4A13-82FA-CCBD54B6F535%7DArcadis%20Construction%20Disputes%20Report%202015.pdf. Accessed 18 Aug 2016

  • Arcadis, 2018. Global Construction Disputes Report. https://www.arcadis.com/media/C/9/C/%7BC9C32C0C-34CD-4D6D-8B12-083EE0349170%7DGlobal%20Construction%20Disputes%202018.pdf, accessed 09/06/18.

  • Avotos I (1983) Cost-relevance analysis for overrun control. Int J Project Manag 1(3):142–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Azhar N, Farooqui R, Ahmed S (2008) Advancing and integrating construction education, research and practice. In: 1st International Conference on Construction In Developing Countries (ICCIDC–I), August 4–5, 2008, Karachi, Pakistan

  • Cantarelli CC, Flyvbjerg B, Molin EJE, Wee BV (2010) Cost overruns in large- scale transportation infrastructure projects: explanations and their theoretical embeddedness. Eur J Transp Infrastruct Res (EJTIR) 10(1):5–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantarelli CC, Molin EJE, van Wee B, Flyvbjerg B (2012) Characteristics of cost overruns for Dutch transport infrastructure projects and the importance of the decision to build and project phases. Transp Policy 22:49–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Chipulu M, Ojiako U, Gardiner P, Williams T, Mota C, Maguire S, Shou Y, Stamati T, Marshall A (2014) Exploring the impact of cultural values on project performance. Int J Oper Product Manag 34(3):364–389

    Google Scholar 

  • Chipulu M, Ojiako U, Marshall A, Williams T, Bititci U, Mota C, Shou Y, Thomas A, Dirani AE, Maguire S, Stamati T (2019) A dimensional analysis of stakeholder assessment of project outcomes. Product Plan Control 30(13):1072–1090

    Google Scholar 

  • Chitkara KK (2011) Construction project management—planning, scheduling and controlling, 2nd edn. Tata McGraw Hills, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel B, Andrew D (2003) Modeling global risk factors affecting construction cost performance. Int J Project Manag 21:261–269

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Sayegh SM, Mansour MH (2015) Risk assessment and allocation in highway construction projects in the UAE. J Manag Eng 31(6):04015004

    Google Scholar 

  • Faridi AS, El-Sayegh SM (2006) Significant factors causing delay in the UAE construction industry. Construct Manag Econ 24(11):1167–1176

    Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg B, Holm MKS, Buhl SL (2002) Underestimating costs in public works projects, error or lie? J Am Plan Assoc 68:279–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg B, Holm MKS, Buhl SL (2004) What causes cost overrun in transport infrastructure. Trans Rev 24(1):3–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg B (2005) Policy and planning for large infrastructure projects: problems, causes, cures. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3781, December 2005

  • Flyvbjerg B (2013) Quality control and due diligence in project management: getting decisions right by taking the outside view. Int J Project Manag 31(5):760–774

    Google Scholar 

  • Frame JD (1997) Establishing project risk assessment teams. In: Kahkonen K, Artto KA (eds), Managing risks in projects, E & FN Spon, London

  • Frimpong Y, Oluwoye J, Crawford L (2003) Causes of delay and cost overruns in construction of groundwater projects in developing countries; Ghana as a case study. Int J Project Manag 21:321–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Huo T, Ren H, Cai W, Shen GQ, Liu B, Zhu M, Wu H (2018) Measurement and dependence analysis of cost overruns in megatransport infrastructure projects: case study in Hong Kong. ASCE J Constr Eng Manag 144(3):05018001

    Google Scholar 

  • Indiana Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (2004) An analysis of cost overruns and time delays of INDOT projects. Purdue University, Indiana

  • Jahren C, Ashe A (1990) Predictors of cost-overrun rates. J Constr Eng Manag 116(3)

  • Jamaludin SZ, Mohammad MF, Ahmad K (2014) Enhancing the quality of construction. Environment by minimizing the cost variance. Proc Soc Behavior Sci 153:70–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson R, Babu R (2018) Time and cost overruns in the UAE construction industry: a critical analysis. Int J Constr Manag. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1484864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaka A, Price ADF (1991) Relationship between value and duration of construction projects. Constr Manag Econ 9(4):381–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaliba C, Muya M, Mumba K (2009) Cost escalation and schedule delays in road construction projects in Zambia. Int J Project Manag 27(5):522–531

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasimu MA (2012) Significant factors that causes cost overruns in building construction project in Nigeria. Interdiscip J Contemp Res Bus 3(11):775–780

    Google Scholar 

  • Kisi KP, Lee N, Kayastha R, Kovel J (2020) Alternative dispute resolution practices in international road construction contracts. J Legal Affair Dispute Resolut Eng Constr 12(2):04520001

    Google Scholar 

  • Koushki PA, Al-Rashid K, Kartam N (2005) Delays and cost increases in the construction of private residential projects in Kuwait. Constr Manag Econ 23(3):285–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee JK (2008) Cost overrun and cause in Korean social overhead capital projects: roads, rails, airports, and ports. J Urban Plan Dev 134(2):59–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Le-Hoai L, Lee Y, Lee J (2008) Delay and cost overruns in Vietnam large construction projects: a comparison with other selected countries. KSCE J Civ Eng 12(6):367–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Long N, Ogunlana S, Quang T, Lam K (2004) Large construction projects in developing countries: a case study from Vietnam. Int J Project Manag 22:553–561

    Google Scholar 

  • Love PED, Edwards DJ, Irani Z (2012) Moving beyond optimism bias and strategic misrepresentation: an explanation for social infrastructure project cost overruns. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 59(4):560–571

    Google Scholar 

  • Love PE, Sing CP, Carey B, Kim JT (2015) Estimating construction contingency: accommodating the potential for cost overruns in road construction projects. J Infrastruct Syst 21(2):04014035

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahamid I (2013) Effects of project’s physical characteristics on cost deviation in road construction. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci 25:81–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Makovšek D, Tominc P, Logožar K (2012) A cost performance analysis of transport infrastructure construction in Slovenia. Transportation 39(1):197–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield NR, Ugwu OO, Doranl T (1994) Causes of delay and cost overruns in Nigerian construction projects. Int J Project Manag 12(4):254–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall A, Ojiako U, Wang V, Lin F, Chipulu M (2019a) Forecasting unknown/unknowns by boosting the risk radar within the risk intelligent organisation. Int J Forecast 35(2):644–658

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall A, Ojiako U, Williams T, Al-Mazrooie J, Lin F, Chipulu M (2019b) Risk management as knowledge production: application to fast-tracked complex multi-stakeholder airport projects. In: Webb H, Al Numairy H (eds), Entrepreneurial innovation and economic development in Dubai and comparisons to its sister Cities, Pub. IGI Global

  • Memon AH, Rahman IA, Abdul Azis AA (2011) Preliminary study on causative factors leading to construction cost overrun. Int J Sustain Constr Eng Technol 2(1):57–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Merewitz L (1973) Cost overruns in public works. In: Niskanen W, Hansen AC, Havemann RH, Turvey R (eds), Benefit cost and policy analysis, pp 277–295

  • Mishmish M, El-Sayegh S (2018) Causes of claims in road construction projects in the UAE. Int J Constr Manag 18(1):26–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris S (1990) Cost and time overruns in public sector projects. Econ Polit Weekly 15:154–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Motaleb O, Kishk M (2010) An investigation into causes and effects of construction delays in UAE. In: Egbu C (ed) Proceedings of 26th annual ARCOM conference, 6–8 September 2010, Leeds, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, pp 1149–1157

  • Moura HP, Teixeira JC, Pires B (2007) Dealing with cost and time in the Portuguese construction industry. Paper presented at the CIB World Building Congress

  • Muller R, Geraldi J, Turner J (2012) Relationships between leadership and success in different types of project complexities. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 59(1):77–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojiako U, Papadopoulos T, Stamati T, Anagnostopoulos D, Marshall A (2015) Collaborative governance in Greek infrastructure projects. Proc Inst Civ Eng Manag Procure Law 168(3):135–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojiako U, Chipulu M, Gardiner P, Williams T, Mota C, Maguire S, Shou Y, Stamati T (2014) Effect of project role, age and gender differences on the formation and revision of project decision judgements. Int J Project Manag 32(4):556–567

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojiako U, Chipulu M, Marshall A, Ashleigh M, Maguire S, Williams T, Obokoh L (2015) Heterogeneity and perception congruence of project outcomes. Product Plan Control 26(11):858–873

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojiako U, Chipulu M, Marshall A, Williams T (2018) An examination of the ‘Rule of law’ and ‘Justice’ implications in online dispute resolution in the construction industry. Int J Project Manag 36(2):301–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojiako U et al (2020) Ambiguity in performance management systems of complex-multi-stakeholder organisations. University of Sharjah Working Paper Series, Unpublished

  • Petro Y, Ojiako U, Williams T, Marshall A (2019a) Organizational ambidexterity: a critical review and development of a project focused definition. ASCE J Manag Eng 35(3):03119001

    Google Scholar 

  • Petro Y, Ojiako U, Williams T, Marshall A (2019) Organizational ambidexterity: using project portfolio management to support project-level ambidexterity. Product Plan Control. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1630683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickrell, Don H. Urban Rail Transit Projects (1990) Forecast versus actual ridership and costs. Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. s.l.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto J, Mantel J (1990) The causes of project failure. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 37(4):269–276. https://doi.org/10.1109/17.62322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Priemus H, Flyvbjerg B, Wee B (2008) Decision-making on mega-projects (cost- benefit analysis, planning and innovation). s.l.: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, pp 120–144

  • Rajan TA, Gopinath G, Behera M (2014) PPPs and project overruns: evidence from road projects in India. J Constr Eng Manag 140(5):04013070

    Google Scholar 

  • Review of the Florida Department of Transportation's Performance in Controlling Cost Overruns and Delays When Building Roads and Bridges. s.l.: Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability, January 11, 1996. Audit Report

  • Skamris MK, Flyvbjerg B (1997) Inaccuracy of traffic forecasts and cost estimates on large transport projects. Transp Policy 4(3):141–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh R (2009) Delays and cost overruns in infrastructure projects: an enquiry into extents, causes and remedies. Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, Centre for Development Economics. Working Paper No. 181

  • Sinha AK, Jha KN (2020) Dispute resolution and litigation in PPP road projects: evidence from select cases. J Legal Affair Dispute Resolut Eng Constr 12(1):05019007

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun M, Meng X (2009) Taxanomy for change causes and effects in construction projects. Int J Project Manag 27:560–572

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner R, Zolin R (2012) Forecasting success on large projects: developing reliable scales to predict multiple perspectives by multiple stakeholders over multiple time frames. Project Manag J 43(5):87–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Winch G (2013) Escalation in major projects: lesson from the channel fixed link. Int J Proj Manag 31(5):724–734

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaneldin EK (2006) Construction claims in United Arab Emirates: types, causes, and frequency. Int J Project Manag 24(5):453–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaneldin E (2018) Investigating the types, causes and severity of claims in construction projects in the UAE. Int J Constr Manag. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1484863

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Udechukwu Ojiako.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Al Hosani, I.I.A., Dweiri, F.T. & Ojiako, U. A study of cost overruns in complex multi-stakeholder road projects in the United Arab Emirates. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 11, 1250–1259 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-020-00979-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-020-00979-8

Keywords

Navigation