Physico-chemical and color parameters to distinguish cow ghee from buffalo ghee

Abstract

Ghee production form one of the largest segments of the milk consumption and utilization pattern in India. Recently, cow ghee has become more popular and fetching premium over buffalo ghee as there are innumerable health benefits credit to cow ghee since they contain an important array of nutrients and therapeutic principles. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to differentiate and characterize cow ghee from buffalo ghee using physico-chemical parameters viz. BR reading, RM value, Polenske value, Kirschner value and different color values. Pure cow and buffalo ghee samples were prepared using creamery butter method. Pure ghee samples (cow and buffalo) and cow ghee samples admixed with buffalo ghee @ 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were analyzed for above mentioned physico-chemical parameters and different color parameters. The results revealed that BR reading, RM value, Polenske value and Kirschner value of pure cow ghee ranged from 41.87–43.62, 27.5–31.13, 1.30–1.90 and 20.74–24.14 and in buffalo ghee these values ranged from 40.01–43.23, 31.91–39.99, 1.10–1.50 and 26.84–33.96, respectively. The color values i.e. lightness (L), redness(a), yellowness (b), yellowness index (Y) and whiteness index (W) of pure cow ghee ranged from 70.17–81.56, − 14.04 to − 28.96, 59.68–79.31, 74.25–88.92 and 16.07–28.85 and of buffalo ghee ranged from 71.89–83.71, − 1.07 to – 11.92, 1.39–9.61, 5.21–22.46 and 68.74–84.61. BR reading, RM value, Polenske value and L, a, b and Y of cow ghee adulterated with buffalo ghee up to 20% falls within the range of different pure cow ghee samples but whiteness index (W) and Kirschner value of admixed cow ghee (23.91 and 34.86) were having significantly higher values than the pure cow ghee (21.07 and 25.45, respectively). Kirschner Value and whiteness index (W) can be used to distinguish cow ghee from buffalo ghee.