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Varietal influence on phenolic constituents and nutritive characteristics of pomace obtained from apples grown in western Himalayas

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Abstract

Apple fruit processing is not variety specific in India, which affect the overall quality of the final processed product. The present study was aimed at elucidation of the nutritive value, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and bioactive phenolic constituents of five widely used apple varieties (Royal Delicious, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Red Chief and Red Gold) of western Himalayas. The pomace obtained from different varieties was evaluated to assess the fruit quality. Royal Delicious pomace had significantly high (p < 0.05) total dietary fibre content (42.63 ± 1.26%) together with soluble (8.25 ± 0.95%) and insoluble fibre (32.90 ± 0.89%), as compared to other apple varieties. The pomace samples were extracted with 70% aqueous methanol to obtain polyphenol enriched extracts. The results of Folin–Ciocalteau assay showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Royal Delicious pomace exhibit higher phenolic content as compared to other varieties and ranged between 2.19 ± 0.09 and 4.59 ± 0.47 mg GAE/g. Royal Delicious pomace also possess higher antioxidant capacity i.e. 3.35 ± 0.10 mg/g, 2.71 ± 0.10 mg/g and 4.67 ± 0.03 mg/g as measured by DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging assay and FRAP reducing assay, respectively. The higher phenolic content in Royal Delicious pomace was also confirmed by RP-HPLC-DAD analysis. Results of HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phloridzin (487.07 ± 0.04 µg/g), quercetin (241.18 ± 0.03 µg/g), quercitrin (178.34 ± 0.02 µg/g) and quercetin-3-glucoside (195.21 ± 0.05 µg/g) as major constituents. Present results indicate that Royal Delicious variety is rich in dietary fibre and phenolic compounds that might be used by the food sector as a source of bioactive health promoting constituents/dietary supplements.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for financial and logistic support. The authors wish to thank the Director, CSIR-IHBT Palampur (H.P.) for his continuous encouragement and motivation on economical utilisation of natural bioresources. SB and SR also acknowledge the financial support received from Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, GOI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India

    Shalika Rana & Shashi Bhushan

  2. Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India

    Shalika Rana, Ajay Rana & Shashi Bhushan

  3. Vivekanand Medical Institute, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India

    Sakshi Gupta

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  1. Shalika Rana
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  2. Ajay Rana
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  3. Sakshi Gupta
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  4. Shashi Bhushan
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Correspondence to Shashi Bhushan.

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Rana, S., Rana, A., Gupta, S. et al. Varietal influence on phenolic constituents and nutritive characteristics of pomace obtained from apples grown in western Himalayas. J Food Sci Technol 58, 166–174 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04526-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04526-y

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