Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Engineering properties of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) varieties as a function of moisture content and structure of grain

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Food Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the engineering properties of horse gram varieties namely GPM-6, PAYIUR-2, and BHK as a function of moisture content in range of 10–30%. The average length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, thousand kernel weight, sphericity, porosity and angle of repose ranged from 5.43 to 6.53 mm, 3.96 to 4.48 mm, 2.21 to 2.99 mm, 3.62 to 4.41 mm, 3.86 to 4.64 mm, 30.32 to 49.11 g, 63.56 to 72.66%, 35.20 to 38.76% and 22.72° to 29.86° respectively as the moisture content of the grain increased from 10.08 to 29.98%. The bulk density and true density of the grain decreased from initial range of 810–901 to 734–801 kg m−3 and 1250–1426 to 1168–1308 kg m−3. The volume, porosity and terminal velocity of the grain increased linearly with increase in moisture content. The coefficient of friction also showed positive correlation for all surface materials, the highest increase was found for plywood in all varieties of horse gram seeds. Dehulling properties of the grain found to be significantly affected by the change in moisture content. The overall dehulling ranged from 53.44 to 61.21% for GPM-6 and 55.58 to 61.06% for PAYIUR-2 variety of horse gram. Textural properties of the grains were also found to be significantly affected by the change in moisture content from 10 to 30%. The data generated in this study will be highly useful in optimization of post-harvest processing operations as well as to design and develop related processing equipment for horse gram.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

GPM-6, BHK, PAYIUR-2 :

Horse gram varieties

Dg :

Geometric mean diameter

Da :

Arithmetic mean diameter

L:

Length

W:

Weight

T:

Thickness

V :

Volume

Φ:

Sphericity

ρt :

True density

ρb :

Bulk density

Ar :

Angle of repose

Hc :

Height of cone

Dc :

Diameter of cone

μ:

Coefficient of friction

μa :

Dynamic viscosity of air

α:

Angle of inclination

Vt :

Theoretical terminal velocity of air

Ve :

Experimental terminal velocity of air

Z:

Shape factor

mt :

Mass of 1000 seeds in kg

g:

Gravitational force

Ai :

Projected area of seed in air

NRe :

Reynold’s number

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

SPSS:

Statistical Package for Social Science

Ply:

Plywood

SS:

Stainless steel

GM:

Galvanized metalsheet

References

  • Altuntas E, Yildiz M (2007) Effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) grains. J Food Eng 78:174–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amin MN, Hossain MA, Roy KC (2004) Effect of moisture content on some physical properties of lentil seeds. J Food Eng 65:83–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aydin C, Ogut H, Konak M (2002) Some physical properties of Turkish mahaleb. Biosyst Eng 82(2):231–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baryeh EA (2002) Physical properties of millet. J Food Eng 51:39–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cetin M (2007) Physical properties of Barbunia beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. ‘Barbunia’) seed. J Food Eng 80:353–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar V, Viswanathan R (1999) Physical and thermal properties of coffee. J Agric Eng Res 73:227–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury MMI, Sarker RI, Bala BK, Hossain MA (2001) Physical properties of gram as a function of moisture content. Int J Food Prop 4(2):297–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deshpande SO, Bal S, Ojha TP (1993) Physical properties of soyabean grain. J Agric Eng Res 56:89–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dursan E, Dursan I (2005) Some physical properties of caper seeds. Biosyst Eng 92(2):237–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Fawal YA, Tawfik MA, El-Shal AM (2009) Study on physical and engineering properties for grain ofsome field crops. Misr J Agr Eng 26:1933–1951

    Google Scholar 

  • Figueiredo AK, Baumler E, Riccobene IC, Nolasco SM (2011) Moisture-dependent engineering properties of sunflower seeds with different structural characteristics. J Food Eng 102:58–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goarial BY, O’Callaghan JR (1990) Aerodynamic properties of grain/Straw materials. J Agric Eng Res 46:275–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalan C, Ramasastri BV, Balasubramanium SC (2012) Nutritive values of Indian foods. NIN, ICMR publisher, Hyderabad, p 48

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta RK, Das SK (1997) Physical properties of sunflower seeds. J Agric Eng Res 66:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta RK, Das SK (1998) Friction coefficient of sunflower seed and kernel on various structural surfaces. J Agric Eng Res 71:175–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juliano BO, Perez CM (1983) Major factors affecting cooked milled rice hardness and cooking time. J Textural Stud 14(3):235–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karababa E (2006) Physical properties of popcorn kernels. J Food Eng 72:100–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konak M, Carman K, Aydin C (2002) Physical properties of chick pea seeds. Biosyst Eng 82(1):73–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maduako JN, Faborode MO (1990) Some physical properties of cocoa pods in relation to primary processing. IFE J Technol 2(1):1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Markowski M, Majewska K, Kwiatkowski D, Malkowski M, Burdylo G (2010) Selected geometric and mechanical properties of barley (Hordem vulgare l.) grain. Int J Food Prop 13:890–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohsenin NN (1980) Physical properties of plant and animal materials. Gordon and Breach Science Publisher, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogut H (1998) Some physical properties of white lupin. J Agric Eng Res 56:273–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozarslan C (2002) Physical properties of cotton seeds. Biosyst Eng 83(2):169–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sacilik K, Ozturk R, Keskin R (2003) Some physical properties of hemp seeds. Biosyst Eng 86(2):213–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma V, Das L, Pardhan RC, Naik SN, Bhatnagar N, Kureel RS (2011) Physical properties of tung seeds: an industrial oil yielding crop. Ind Crop Prod 33(2):440–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh KL, Goswami TK (1996) Physical properties of cumin seeds. J Agric Eng Res 64(2):93–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suthar SH, Das SK (1996) Some physical properties of Karingda [Citrus lanatus (thumb) mansf] grains. J Agric Eng Res 65(1):15–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tranchino L, Melle F, Sodoni G (1984) Almost complete dehulling of high oil sunflower seed. J Am Oil ChemSoc 6:1261–1265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vashishth R, Semwal AD, Pal Murugan M, Sharma GK (2017) Post-harvest processing, cooking and textural properties of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) varieties. J Food Charact Meas. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9636-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vilche C, Gely M, Santalla E (2003) Physical properties of quinoa grains. Biosyst Eng 86(1):19–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wani IA, Sogi DS, Wani AA, Gill BS (2015) Physical and cooking characteristics of some Indian kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 16:7–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalcin I, Ozarslan C, Akbas T (2007) Physical properties of pea (Pisum sativum) seed. J Food Eng 79:731–735

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Director, Defence Food Research Laboratory, DRDO, Mysore, India for providing us with all facilities and financial assistance to carry out the research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grain Science and Technology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) Ministry of Defence (MOD), Govt of India, Siddartha Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570011, India

    Rahul Vashishth, Anil Dutt Semwal, M. Pal Murugan, Thima Govind Raj & Gopal Kumar Sharma

Authors
  1. Rahul Vashishth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anil Dutt Semwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Pal Murugan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Thima Govind Raj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gopal Kumar Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anil Dutt Semwal.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vashishth, R., Semwal, A.D., Pal Murugan, M. et al. Engineering properties of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) varieties as a function of moisture content and structure of grain. J Food Sci Technol 57, 1477–1485 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04183-w

Download citation

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04183-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation