Abstract
Present studies were undertaken with the aim of screening a suitable mode of drying and packaging material for storage of chilgoza nuts. A temperature of 55 °C was found most suitable for the drying of nuts in cabinet drier. Cabinet drier was found the best drying mode among four for drying of chilgoza nuts on the basis of quality characteristics such as moisture, water activity and sensory attributes. Further, out of five packaging materials selected in the study, glass jar followed by aluminium laminate pouch was found to be suitable for the packing and storage of dried nuts in ambient conditions for 6 months on the basis of retention of better physico-chemical and sensory attributes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anonymous (1993) Shelf life of foods- Guidelines for its determination and prediction. Institute of Food Science and Technology, London
Anonymous (2009) Nutritive value of chilgoza. www.medindia.net/patients/foodcalories. Accessed 18 Sept 2010
Bansal NK, Garg HP (1987) Solar crop drying. In: Mujumdar AS (ed) Advances in drying. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, pp 279–343
Bonvehi JS, Coll FV (1993) Oil content, stability and fatty acid composition of the main varieties of Catalonian hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.). Food Chem 48:237–241
Brown WE (1992) Plastics in food packaging: Properties, design and fabrication. Marcel Dekker, New York
Butt MS, Nasir M, Akhtar S, Sharif K (2004) Effect of moisture and packaging on the shelf life of wheat flour. Int J Food Saf 4:1–6
Cochran R, Cox C (1967) Experimental designs. John Wiley and Sons, New York
Critchfield WB, Little EL (1966) Geographic distribution of the pines of the world. USDA Forest Service Miscellaneous Pub No 99, USA
Dogra PD (1964) Gymnosperms of India - II. Chilgoza pine (Pinus geraradiana Wall.). Bulletin No. 109. National Botanical Gardens Lucknow, India
Farjon A (1984) Pines: Drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus. Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association of America, New York
Farjon A (1998) World checklist and bibliography of conifers. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, Surrey, UK
Fellow PF, Axtell B (1993) Appropriate food packaging: Transfer of technology for development. Amsterdam International Labour Office, Geneva, pp 45–56
Gupta BL (1945) Forest flora of Chakrata. Dehra Dun and Saharanpur. Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
Kazantzis I, Nanos GD, Stavroulakis GG (2003) Effect of harvest time and storage conditions on almond kernel oil and sugar composition. J Sci Food Agric 83(4):354–359
Kinderlerer JL, Johnson S (1992) Rancidity in hazelnuts due to volatile aliphatic aldehydes. J Sci Food Agric 58:89–93
Kita A, Figiel A (2007) Effect of storage time on texture and selected properties of walnuts. Acta Agrophysica 9(1):69–78
Kosoko SB, Sanni LO, Adebowale AA et al (2009) Effect of period of steaming and drying temperature on chemical properties of cashew nut. African J Food Sci 3(6):156–164
Kumar G, Sharma N (2009) A little known dry fruit nut chilgoza. DAV’s Ayurveda for Holist Health 1(12):24
Mahony MO (1985) Sensory evaluation of food. Statistical methods and procedures. Marcel Dekker, New York
Malik AR, Shamet GS (2009) Storage of Pinus gerardiana seeds: Biochemical changes and its applicability as vigour test. Res J Seed Sci 2(3):48–55
Pershern AS, Breene WM, Lulai C, Pershern AS, Breene WM, Lulai C (1995) Analysis of factors influencing lipid oxidation in hazelnuts (Corylus spp.). J Food Proces Preserv 19(1):9–26
Ranganna S (1986) Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products. Tata McGraw Hill Pub Co Ltd, New Delhi
Sadasivam S, Manickam A (1996) Biochemical methods. New Age International (P) Ltd, New Delhi
Savage GP, Dutta PC, Mc Neil DL (1999) Fatty acid and tocopherol contents and oxidative stability of walnut oils. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 9:1059–1063
Severini C, De Pilli T, Baiano A, Gomes T (2003) Auto-oxidation of packed roasted almonds as affected by two packaging films. J Food Proces Preserv 27(4):321–335
Tao F, Gao H, Chen H et al (2007) Relation between types of packaging and lipid oxidation in walnut (Carya cathayensis Sarg.). International Society for Horticultural Science. Acta Hortic 804:531–534
Thakur NS, Sharma S, Sharma KD (2009) Standardization of pre-treatments for chilgoza (Pinus gerardiana) nut drying. J Food Sci Technol 46(2):142–145
Thimmaiah SK (1999) Standard methods of biochemical analysis. Kalyani Pub, New Delhi
Vnkatachalam M, Sathe SK (2006) Chemical composition of selected edible nut seeds. J Agric Food Chem 54(13):4705–4714
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to Department of Science and Technology, GOI for financial support under Science and Society Division scheme on “Standardisation of drying technology for chilgoza grown in dry temperate area for the sustainable livelihood of tribals of Himachal Pradesh” to undertake this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Thakur, N.S., Sharma, S., Gupta, R. et al. Studies on drying and storage of chilgoza (Pinus gerardiana) nuts. J Food Sci Technol 51, 2092–2098 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0692-1
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0692-1