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African-American and Caribbean-Born Men’s Perceptions of Prostate Cancer Fear and Facilitators for Screening Behavior: a Pilot Study

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Abstract

This study describes how a concurrent exploratory mixed methodology (CEMM) approach was used to investigate perceptions of prostate cancer (CaP) fear and facilitators of screening behavior in African-American (AA) and Caribbean-born (CB) black men for instrument development. A quantitative paper-based questionnaire was modified, adapted, and administered to participants from the Personal Integrative Model of Prostate Cancer Disparity Survey and the Powe Fatalism Inventory. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Of the 31 participants, 17 (55%) were CB black men and 14 (45%) were AA men. CB black men reported significantly higher mean perception of CaP treatment scores compared to AA men (8.23 versus 6.14, p < 0.05). Overall, the focus group and interview data revealed highly interrelated key themes. These themes included perceived barriers to CaP screening (e.g., health-care affordability), misconceptions about CaP (e.g., limited knowledge), and misinformation about CaP (e.g., conflicting CaP screening information from health-care providers). Feeling responsible to make sure family members were taken care of and the role of a significant other were reported as motivation for visiting the doctor. As a result of the CEMM design, a reliable survey instrument was developed to measure CaP fear and facilitators for screening behavior within subpopulations of AA men, which is important because despite their shared genetic ancestry, AA and CB black males may have very different lifestyles.

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Authors’ Contributions

Ewan K. Cobran carried out the study, participated in the sequence alignment and design of the study, performed quantitative and qualitative analysis, and drafted the paper. Jori N. Hall and William D. Aiken conducted qualitative analysis and drafted the paper. All authors read and approved the final paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Robert C. Wilson Pharmacy, 250 West Green Street, 270E, Athens, GA, 30602-2354, USA

    Ewan K. Cobran

  2. College of Education, Department of Lifelong Education, Administration, and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Jori N. Hall

  3. Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica

    William D. Aiken

Authors
  1. Ewan K. Cobran
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  2. Jori N. Hall
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  3. William D. Aiken
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Correspondence to Ewan K. Cobran.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics Statement

The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Howard University Institutional Review Board (IRB-II-PNAH-16).

Funding

The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (5T32CA128582-043) and the National Cancer Institute Carolina Community Network Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities (1-U54-CA153602-01).

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Cobran, E.K., Hall, J.N. & Aiken, W.D. African-American and Caribbean-Born Men’s Perceptions of Prostate Cancer Fear and Facilitators for Screening Behavior: a Pilot Study. J Canc Educ 33, 640–648 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-017-1167-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-017-1167-x

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