Abstract
Although public health practitioners commonly use community education and outreach events to promote cancer screening, the effectiveness of this strategy remains unclear. This study evaluated 23 outreach events, conducted as part of the Georgia Colorectal Cancer Control Program. Of the estimated 1778 individuals who attended these events, those ages 50–75 were eligible to participate in a telephone survey 3 months after attending an event. Surveys measured colorectal cancer (CRC) risk status, CRC screening history at the time of the event, seeking or obtaining CRC screening at 3-month follow-up, and participants’ knowledge of their CRC screening status. Of the 335 individuals contacted for this evaluation, 185 completed the survey. Eighty participants (43.2 %) were at elevated risk for CRC and 99 participants (53.5 %) were at average risk. Of the 99 average-risk participants, the majority (n = 69) were not due for CRC screening at the time they attended an event because they had previously received screening within the recommended time intervals. Thirty average-risk participants were due for CRC screening, either because they had never been screened before (n = 19) or because they were due for rescreening (n = 11). Approximately half of these 30 participants who were due for screening either sought (n = 6, 20.0 %) or obtained screening (n = 8, 26.7 %) 3 months following the event. Community education and outreach events may play an important role in motivating participants to seek or obtain CRC screening, but unless priority audiences are identified and recruited, events may attract people who are already compliant with CRC screening.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) Vital signs: colorectal cancer screening test use—United States, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 62(44):881–888
American Cancer Society (2015) Cancer Facts & Figures 2015. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf. Accessed 1 Aug 2015
U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group (2013) United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2010 Incidence and Mortality Wed-based Report. http://www.cdc.gov/uscs. Accessed 26 Aug 2013
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) United States Cancer Statistics. http://nccd.cdc.gov/USCS/statevsnational.aspx. Accessed 18 Aug 2015
Rex DK, Johnson DA, Anderson JC, Schoenfeld PS, Burke CA, Inadomi JM (2009) American College of Gastroenterology guidelines for colorectal cancer screening 2008. Am J Gastroenterol 104(3):739–750
Calonge N, Petitti DB, DeWitt TG, Dietrich AJ, Gregory KD, Harris R, Isham G et al (2008) Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 149(9):627−637
Burt RW, Barthel JS, Dunn KB, David DS, Drelichman E, Ford JM, Giardiello FM, Gruber SB, Halverson AL, Hamilton SR (2010) Colorectal cancer screening: clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 8(1):8–61
United States Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020 Objectives. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicid=5. Accessed 23 May 2011
Gupta S, Sussman DA, Doubeni CA, Anderson DS, Day L, Deshpande AR, Elmunzer BJ et al (2014) Challenges and possible solutions to colorectal cancer screening for the underserved. J Natl Cancer Inst 106(4):dju032. doi:10.1093/jnci/dju032
Joseph DA, DeGroff AS, Hayes NS, Wong FL, Plescia M (2011) The Colorectal Cancer Control Program: partnering to increase population level screening. Gastrointest Endosc 73(3):429–434. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2010.12.027
Sabatino SA, Lawrence B, Elder R, Mercer SL, Wilson KM, DeVinney B, Melillo S et al (2012) Effectiveness of interventions to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers: nine updated systematic reviews for the guide to community preventive services. Am J Prev Med 43(1):97–118. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.04.009
Maxwell AE, Hannon PA, Escoffery C, Vu T, Kohn M, Vernon SW, DeGroff A (2014) Promotion and provision of colorectal cancer screening: a comparison of colorectal cancer control program grantees and nongrantees, 2011–2012. Prev Chronic Dis 11:E170. doi:10.5888/pcd11.140183
Escoffery C, Rodgers KC, Kegler MC, Haardorfer R, Howard DH, Liang S, Pinsker E et al (2014) A systematic review of special events to promote breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening in the United States. BMC Public Health 14(1):274. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-274
Redwood D, Provost E, Asay E, Ferguson J, Muller J (2013) Giant inflatable colon and community knowledge, intention, and social support for colorectal cancer screening. Prev Chronic Dis 10:E40. doi:10.5888/pcd10.120192
Sanchez JI, Palacios R, Cole A, O’Connell MA (2014) Evaluation of the walk-through inflatable colon as a colorectal cancer education tool: results from a pre and post research design. BMC Cancer 14(1):626. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-626
Briant KJ, Espinoza N, Galvan A, Carosso E, Marchello N, Linde S, Copeland W, Thompson B (2015) An innovative strategy to reach the underserved for colorectal cancer screening. J Cancer Educ 30(2):237–243. doi:10.1007/s13187-014-0702-2
Crookes DM, Njoku O, Rodriguez MC, Mendez EI, Jandorf L (2014) Promoting colorectal cancer screening through group education in community-based settings. J Cancer Educ 29(2):296–303. doi:10.1007/s13187-013-0599-1
Larkey L (2006) Las mujeres saludables: reaching Latinas for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer prevention and screening. J Community Health 31(1):69–77
Wu TY, Kao JY, Hsieh HF, Tang YY, Chen J, Lee J, Oakley D (2010) Effective colorectal cancer education for Asian Americans: a Michigan program. J Cancer Educ 25(2):146–152. doi:10.1007/s13187-009-0009-x
Weinrich SP, Weinrich MC, Stromborg MF, Boyd MD, Weiss HL (1993) Using elderly educators to increase colorectal-cancer screening. Gerontologist 33(4):491–496
Gellert K, Braun KL, Morris R, Starkey V (2006) The ‘Ohana Day Project: a community approach to increasing cancer screening. Prev Chronic Dis 3(3):A99
Braun KL, Fong M, Kaanoi ME, Kamaka ML, Gotay CC (2005) Testing a culturally appropriate, theory-based intervention to improve colorectal cancer screening among native Hawaiians. Prev Med 40(6):619–627. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.005
Cueva M, Dignan M, Kuhnley R (2012) Readers’ theatre: a communication tool for colorectal cancer screening. J Cancer Educ 27(2):281–286. doi:10.1007/s13187-011-0295-y
National Colorectal Cancer Rountable (2011) Evaluation toolkit: how to evaluate activities intended to increase awareness and use of colorectal cancer screening http://nccrt.org/about/public-education/evaluation-toolkit/. Accessed 1 Dec 2012
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey questionnaire. http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/pdf-ques/2010brfss.pdf. Accessed 1 Dec 2012
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge with gratitude our partners at the Regional Cancer Coalitions of Georgia and the individuals who participated in this evaluation. This evaluation was supported by a contract with the Georgia Department of Public Health (#40500-032-13120764), which was funded by a cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; #2U58DP002067). Portions of this project’s work involve the Colorectal Cancer Control Program initiative supported by CDC funding. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The Emory University Institutional Review Board approved all study procedures.
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Table 3
(DOCX 12 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Woodruff, R.C., Hermstad, A., Honeycutt, S. et al. Results from an Evaluation of the Georgia Colorectal Cancer Control Program’s Community Education and Outreach Events, 2013. J Canc Educ 32, 392–400 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-015-0966-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-015-0966-1