Abstract
Introduction
The impacts of the World Health Organization’s new compulsive sexual behaviour disorder diagnosis on sexual minority populations are unclear. This study’s aim was to better understand the relationship between sexual orientation and self-perceived pornography addiction. We hypothesized that sexual minority respondents would score higher than heterosexual respondents on self-perceived addiction and this relationship would be moderated by homophobic attitudes.
Methods
Surveys were administered online in 2019 to US adults (n = 540). Four OLS regression models were constructed, with three subscales of self-perceived addiction and the total score acting as outcome variables. Moderation was assessed via a sexual orientation x homophobic attitudes interaction term.
Results
As hypothesized, sexual minority participants scored higher on self-perceived addiction than their heterosexual counterparts overall. At low levels of homophobic attitudes, there was no significant difference, while at high levels, sexual minority respondents were much more likely to endorse self-perceived addiction. Ancillary analyses comprising the subsample of sexual minority respondents (n = 116) suggested that religiosity is a key variable of interest and has a multifaceted relationship with homophobic attitudes and self-perceived addiction.
Conclusions
The sexual orientation x homophobic attitudes interaction term might be seen as a proxy for internalized homophobia among sexual minority respondents, suggesting such sexual stigma is associated with individuals feeling their behavior is dysregulated.
Policy Implications
These findings raise concern that the World Health Organization diagnosis might disproportionally pathologize sexual minority persons, particularly those from religious backgrounds who hold internalized homophobia. Uncritical diagnosis and treatment might act as a covert avenue of conversion therapy. Any future debates around diagnostic classification of “sex addiction” need to consider potential iatrogenic harms.
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Availability of Data and Material
This study was not preregistered. Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
Notes
Previous diagnoses have mentioned excessive nonparaphilic sexual behaviors, though less directly. These mentions have typically been included under residual diagnostic categories. For example, the American Psychiatric Association’s (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III), included Psychosexual Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, which gives examples of “repeated sexual conquests” or “Don Juanism” alongside other examples such as “confusion about preferred sexual orientation” and “impaired pleasure during... orgasm” (p. 283). See Kafka (2010) and Krueger (2016) for summaries.
Z-scores for each item were calculated from the full sample of participants and then summed for a total scale score of homophobic attitudes. The results for both the primary and ancillary models reported below reflect this. We also re-ran the ancillary models having recalculated the Z-scores for each item based on just the subsample of LGBQ + participants given such standardized scores would slightly differ if calculated from the subsample alone versus the full sample of participants. The ancillary results were robust (and virtually identical) regardless of method used to calculate homophobic attitudes.
The full regression tables for these models (that are absent the interaction term) as well as the ancillary models reported on below are available from the authors on request. All include the control variables outlined above. They are omitted here for the sake of brevity.
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Acknowledgements
The writing of this manuscript was supported by a research fellowship from the Center for Intersectional Gender Studies & Research at Utah State University. Additionally, the authors thank Dr. Charlie Hoy-Ellis, whose mentorship during the principal author’s dissertation research helped spur the idea for this manuscript.
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Droubay, B.A., White, A. Sexual Orientation, Homophobic Attitudes, and Self-Perceived Pornography Addiction. Sex Res Soc Policy (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00846-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00846-8