Abstract
Functional diversity is one of the most important aspects of biodiversity studies. In this work, the functional diversity of two mangrove-associated fish communities in the Persian Gulf is evaluated, including 34 species from the estuary community and 23 species from the creek/mud community. For each community, tree-based functional diversity indices were calculated, namely, FD (Functional Diversity, representing functional richness), MPD (Mean Pairwise Distance, representing dispersion), MNTD (Mean Nearest Taxon Distance, representing evenness). Also, multidimensional indices were calculated, including FRic (functional richness), FEve (functional evenness), FDiv (functional divergence), and FDis (functional dispersion) The comparison between the observed values and the expected values indicates the low functional diversity of the estuary community, whereas, the functional diversity of the species inhabiting creeks and mud flats was not significantly lower or higher than the expected functional diversity. Moreover, the dispersion of functional traits in creek/mud species was higher and the evenness was lower than the estuaries community. This can be related to the more homogenous habitat of the estuary environment, in comparison with the creeks and mudflats. Also, we can attribute the low functional diversity of the estuary community to both the homogenous structure and the preliminary situation of the Persian Gulf. Dendrogram-based analyses show four functional guilds in both communities and were used to the recognition of the most important species for the functional diversity in each community. We found that the most important functional traits that explain the functional diversity in the estuary community were the general traits of size and position in the vertical column in water, however, in creek/mud communities more specialized traits such as the feeding habit and the migratory status explain most of the diversity.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We appreciate Seyyed Hassan Hashemi (Department of environment, University of Hormozgan) for providing fish species data from his unpublished theses in Qeshm and Jask. Also, we thank Parima Hajializadeh (University of Tehran, Iran), and Seddigh Azizi (University of Hormozgan, Iran) for helping us to have access to the reports and references in the University of Hormozgan library. We appreciate Pedram Ghahramani (University of Tehran) for his help and contribution in functional diversity analyses. We thank Pezhman Maghsoodi (University of Tehran) for the maps and data on the mangrove forests of the Persian Gulf. We are grateful to Kiarash Farahmandrad who substantially assisted us to provide figures in this paper. We also thank Samaneh Pazoki and Neda Fahimi for helping us to conduct statistical analyses. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments which significantly improved this article. Financial support was partly provided by the Research Council, University of Tehran.
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Raeisbahrami, A., Shafiekhani, F. & Naderloo, R. Spatially Well Structured Mangroves Fish Communities of the Persian Gulf; a Functional Perspective. Wetlands 43, 79 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-023-01721-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-023-01721-3