Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of agricultural land use and periods of hydrological variability on the environmental variables, as well as macrophyte and macroinvertebrate assemblages in lowland riverine wetlands. As a case study, we compared two periurban wetlands with intensive agricultural land use against two others with extensive livestock, considered references for the region during a normal and a dry flow period. Nutrient concentrations were significantly higher in agricultural riverine wetlands (total phosphorus and total nitrogen 30% higher). These wetlands exhibited higher relative coverage of floating anchored macrophytes and the absence of submerged vegetation. They showed significantly lower taxonomic richness and 40% lower density of macroinvertebrates, and a higher relative abundance of scrapers and predators. Wetlands of both land uses had a lower total density of macroinvertebrates and a higher abundance of tolerant desiccation taxa in the dry period. Particular differences between land uses, such as lower dissolved oxygen concentrations and lower macroinvertebrate diversity in agricultural wetlands, were found during the dry period. These findings indicate that the differences between land uses seemed to increase during the aforementioned period. Further studies in riverine wetlands of both land uses must be carried on to generalize the results found. Despite this limitation, this study provides evidence of the effects of the surrounding landscape and hydrologic periods in the environmental characteristics, as well as the macrophyte and macroinvertebrate assemblages of the riverine wetlands studied.
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue investigar los efectos del uso del suelo agrícola y de diferentes periodos hidrológicos en las variables ambientales, así como en el ensamble de macrófitas y macroinvertebrados en bañados de desborde fluvial. Como caso de estudio, comparamos dos humedales periurbanos con uso del suelo agrícola intensivo con otros dos con ganadería extensiva, considerados de referencia para la región, durante un periodo de caudal normal y otro de sequía. Las concentraciones de nutrientes resultaron significativamente mayores en los bañados de desborde fluvial agrícolas (fósforo y nitrógeno total 30% mayores). Estos humedales exhibieron una mayor cobertura relativa de macrófitas flotantes arraigadas y ausencia de vegetación sumergida. Además mostraron una riqueza taxonómica de macroinvertebrados significativamente menor y 40% menor densidad; por otro lado, presentaron una mayor abundancia relativa de raspadores y predadores. Durante el periodo de sequía, los humedales de ambos usos del suelo, mostraron una menor densidad de macroinvertebrados y una mayor abundancia de taxa tolerantes a la desecación. Se encontraron diferencias particulares entre usos del suelo como concentraciones menores de oxígeno disuelto y menor diversidad de macroinvertebrados en bañados agrícolas durante el período de sequía. Estos resultados indican que las diferencias entre usos del suelo parecieron aumentar durante el periodo mencionado. Para la generalización de los resultados presentados son necesarios estudios adicionales en bañados de desborde fluvial. A pesar de esta limitación, este estudio proporciona evidencia de los efectos del paisaje circundante y de los períodos hidrológicos en las características ambientales y en los ensambles de macrófitas y macroinvertebrados de los bañados de desborde fluvial estudiados.
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Data Availability
We affirm that the data supports the results. The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available in the supplementary material and from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to express our thanks to J. Donadelli (ILPLA) for the chemical analysis of water samples and to Alejandra Scotti for the English revision. This study was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [PIP 2013 − 0570]; the Institutional Project [PI UE-22920160100049CO], the Universidad Nacional de La Plata Projects [UNLP -FCNyM: 2014 11/ N 0738: 2018 11/ N 0869]; and the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [PICT 2014 − 1342].
Funding
This study was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [PIP 2013 − 0570]; the Institutional Project [PI UE-22920160100049CO], the Universidad Nacional de La Plata Projects [UNLP -FCNyM: 2014 11/ N 0738: 2018 11/ N 0869]; and the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [PICT 2014 − 1342].
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Sampling campaigns and data collection were performed by Paula Altieri, Carolina Ocon, Roberto Jensen and Alberto Rodrigues Capítulo. Data analysis and the writing of the first draft of the manuscript were carried on by Paula Altieri. Carolina Ocon and Paula Altieri made the final version of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions. Funding acquisition and the supervision was performed by Alberto Rodrigues Capítulo. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Altieri, P., Ocon, C., Jensen, R. et al. Effects of Agriculture and Hydrological Changes on Macrophyte and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages: a Case Study in Lowland Riverine Wetlands of Argentina. Wetlands 42, 48 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-022-01561-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-022-01561-7